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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Western Europe

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

Warsaw Pact

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

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American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB)

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Documents

March 19, 1975	Military Exercise Soyuz-75 Combat Order No. 1 of the 4th Army This document describes the locations, movements, and goals of Warsaw Pact forces in their theoretical confrontation with NATO under the "Soyuz-75" military exercise.
March 19, 1975	Military Exercise Soyuz-75 Operational Directive No. 2 of the Maritime Front This document chronicles continuing developments in the hypothetical "Soyuz-75" military exercise. After two days of battle, Eastern forces have overpowered the West. However, due to the deployment of nuclear weapons, the zone between the rivers Elbe and Oder has become radioactive. In light of the possibility that the West may soon deploy reserve forces, the document directs the Polish Maritime Front to plan an offensive towards Berlin, Hannover, and Brussels with the goal of defeating Western forces in northern West Germany. By the end of March, the Maritime Front is to occupy the Jutland peninsula and reach the North Sea coast at the border of France. Finally, the document directs the Maritime Front to a defense of its position on the North Sea and prescribes the use of nuclear weapons against enemy forces.
March 22, 1975	Military Exercise Soyuz-75 Combat Instruction No. 1 of the Maritime Front This document describes the developing military situation in the hypothetical "Soyuz-75" military exercise. The Polish Maritime Front has successfully defeated NATO after five days of battle and reached the Weser River in Germany, which empties into the North Sea. However, Western forces retain the capacity to remobilize. Therefore, the document directs the Maritime Front to establish a defense of its position on the North Sea.
May 20, 1978	Minutes of Conversation at the Official Meeting between the Romanian Delegation and the Korean Delegation Minutes of conversation between Nicolae Ceausescu and Kim Il Sung; the topic of the conversation is the domestic situation (mostly economic) in North Korea and the foreign relations of Romania and North Korea.
April 24, 1952	Office of Policy Coordination Dissents from State Department Views on Radio Free Europe Frank Wisner in a memorandum to Robert Joyce dissents from State Department criticism that exile participation on Radio Free Europe is minimal and rejects State’s proposal that East European National Councils should themselves organize broadcasts.
April 4, 1952	Senate Staff Member Criticizes Radio Free Europe Richard Arens, counsel for the Senate’s Internal Security Subcommittee, accuses Radio Free Europe of harboring Marxists and broadcasting left-wing and socialist propaganda.
1975	Materials from the 4th Army for the Exercise Critique Group for Soyuz-75 This document is an evaluation of the effectiveness and applicability of the Soyuz-75 military exercise. According to the author, Division General Wojciech Baranski, Soyuz-75 was a success. The experience gained from the exercise will be used in future military training.
June 2, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Intelligence Summary No. 1 as of 0800 2 June 1988 This intelligence summary describes a potential scenario in which the policy of detente in "Blue" countries begins to deteriorate and increased military exercises are conducted.
January 11, 1951	Radio Free Europe Budget Increase Approved Allen Dulles (who has joined CIA as Deputy Director for Plans) informs Frank Wisner that CIA has approved RFE’s capital budget for new transmitters.
November 22, 1950	Wisner Update on Radio Free Europe Frank Wisner reviews RFE broadcasting after 5 months and notes a shift from use of exile leaders “of questionable current value” to “timely news items and commentary.” He foreshadows expansion of broadcast hours and shift of program production to West Germany.