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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Ryszard Kukliński Collection

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Sino-Soviet Relations

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Gomułka, Władysław

1905- 1982

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923- 2014

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Stein, John H.

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Documents

February 25, 1989	Papers of the Working Group of the National Commission of NSZZ 'Solidarity' Papers of the Working Group of the National Commission of NSZZ “Solidarity,” regarding the format for the continuation of the Solidarity movement – whether it be relegalized or legalized, as well as discussion on the position of workers’ self-government
February 29, 1980	Report on the Meeting of the Foreign Secretaries of the Socialist Countries in Moscow, 26 February 1980 This document explains the views of the cooperating Socialist countries relating to Afghanistan. The USSR perceived the US attempt to line up NATO support against the Soviets as an aggressive action, designed to counter Soviet influence. The Soviets, by contrast, viewed their involvement in Afghanistan as increasing their sphere of influence around the Warsaw-pact countries, making such actions defense, rather than offensive. The USSR's leadership states that it should increase its ties to NATO countries to counteract the foreign policy of the US.
September 2, 1968	Note on the US credit extended to Poland Note from the Vice-President of the Romanian Council of Ministers Manea Manescu to Secretary General of the CC RCP Nicolae Ceausescu on Washington’s decision to extend a 500 million USD credit to Poland, to be repaid in 25 years. The note discusses the terms of the credit and the repayment policy, as well as the consequences of the credit on the Polish economy.
September 23, 1968	Tables on the trade of Romania for the 1966-1968 period; on trade relation agreements between Romania and socialist countries for the 1966-1970 period; and on projections for trade relations with socialist countries for the 1969-1970 period. Tables on the evolution of trade of Romania for the 1966-1968 period compared with long-term agreements; on trade relation agreements between Romania and socialist countries for the 1966-1970 period as compared with agreements for the 1961-1965 period; on projections for trade relations with socialist countries for the 1969-1970 period. The tables give the data in million rubles for Romanian trade with all socialist countries.
October 18, 1986	Memorandum of Conversation of Polish Officials Concerning a Proposed Consultative Council Memorandum of conversation regarding the proposed Consultative Council and its goal to increase trust and develop recommendations and the inclusion of non-party people and members of the Catholic church
August 28, 1987	[Polish Government] Report, 'A Synthesis of the Domestic Situation and the West’s Activity,' Warsaw [Polish Government] Report, “A Synthesis of the Domestic Situation and the West’s Activity,” regarding the economic crisis, liberalization measures, growing discontent, American support of Solidarity and opinions from the West on the situation in Poland
May 11, 1988	Speech by Mr. Józef Czyrek at a founding meeting of the Polish Club of International Relations A speech by Mr. Józef Czyrek at a founding meeting of the Polish Club of International Relations discussing the objectives of the Club – social support, dialogue and public evaluation
September 1, 1988	Report on a Working Conference [of Opposition Leaders] Report on a Working Conference [of Opposition Leaders] regarding emphasis that should be placed on the legal registration of Solidarity and the status of social participants in the Roundtable discussions
October 24, 1956	Account of a Meeting at the CPSU CC, on the Situation in Poland and Hungary The CPSU CC Politburo meets to discuss the burgeoning crises in Poland and Hungary. Also participating was the leader of Czechoslovakia, Antonin Novotny. Khrushchev described for the Soviet leadership his discussions with Gomulka on the Polish situation. Khrushchev urges patience in dealing with Poland. On the situation in Hungary, Khrushchev tells the Soviet leaders that actions were taken at the request of the Hungarian leadership.
November 20, 1964	Stenographic Protocol of the II Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party (excerpts) Gomulka addresses the justification for Khrushchev's removal and describes some of the recent foreign policy problems experienced as a result of Khrushchev's actions.