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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Warsaw Pact

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

Soviet Foreign Policy

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

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Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

1890- 1986

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

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Nagy, Imre

1896- 1958

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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November 1, 1956	Andropov Report, 1 November 1956 Andropov reports that Imre Nagy has threatened a scandal and the resignation of the government if the Soviet Union continues to send troops into Hungary. In his meeting with Nagy, Andropov is told that Hungary is withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact and will further request a UN guarantee of Hungarian neutrality if Soviet troop movements into Hungary do not stop. The report notes that after the meeting the Hungarian government informed the Embassy of its decision to leave the Warsaw Pact.
June 2007	The KGB vs. Vatican City. Folder 29. The Chekist Anthology. In this entry Mitrokhin describes the history of chilly diplomatic relations between the KGB and Vatican City from the 1960s through the mid 1980s.
September 23, 1968	Tables on the trade of Romania for the 1966-1968 period; on trade relation agreements between Romania and socialist countries for the 1966-1970 period; and on projections for trade relations with socialist countries for the 1969-1970 period. Tables on the evolution of trade of Romania for the 1966-1968 period compared with long-term agreements; on trade relation agreements between Romania and socialist countries for the 1966-1970 period as compared with agreements for the 1961-1965 period; on projections for trade relations with socialist countries for the 1969-1970 period. The tables give the data in million rubles for Romanian trade with all socialist countries.
November 1, 1956	Bulgarian Military Intelligence Information on the Situation in Hungary and Poland This intelligence report discusses the domestic political developments in Poland after the ascent of Wladyslaw Gomulka to the top of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).The events surrounding the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 are also mentioned.
1966	Note on Certain Characteristics of Western Trade Developments for 1966 (undated) Report on the main aspects of international trade for the year 1966. The report covers issues such as developing countries’ growth in exports, the trade balances of various Western countries, East-West trade, and trends for 1967.
November 2, 1956	Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 2 November 1956 The CPSU CC Presidium is confronted with reports from Hungary of mass demonstrations, armed counterrevolutionary groups, and the support for Nagy by the opposition. The CC is told about the Hungarian decision to declare neutrality and the likely confrontation between Soviet and Hungarian troops should the former continue to advance toward Budapest. Also discussed is the split within the HWP and possible Soviet responses.
January 20, 1965	Minutes of the Meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact Member States, Warsaw (Excerpts) Minutes of discussions of the Warsaw Pact Political Consultative Committee concerning non-proliferation. The Romanian delegation argues against a joint declaration of the Warsaw Pact on non-proliferation for fear that it might be used against China. The other delegations argue that a joint declaration is necessary in order to prevent the creation of the Multilaterall Nuclear Force proposed by NATO.
January 4, 1968	Report by the Bulgarian Foreign Minister on the Ministerial Meeting in Warsaw on the Situation in the Middle East, 19-21 December 1967 Ivan Bashev presents a report on the CPSU-organized meeting in Warsaw, where Eastern European government officials exchanged views on the situation in the Middle East. Among the discussed topics were the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Yemeni Civil War, and recent developments in Iraq.
October 30, 1956	Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 30 October 1956 The Presidium decides to promulgate a declaration on Hungary in which Soviet withdrawal and relations with the new government will be addressed. Members discuss the language of the new declaration and the advice of the CPC CC regarding the status of Soviet troops. The declaration is also intended to address the broader crisis in Soviet relations with people’s democracies.