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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Western Europe

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

Warsaw Pact

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

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American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB)

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Documents

October 19, 1950	Policy Planning Staff View of Exile National Councils State Department Policy Planning official Robert Joyce laments to Frank Wisner disarray among the national councils and suggests redoubled efforts to unify them. Check copy and redactions.
March 16, 1950	Memorandum for Mr. Horace Nickels, 'Support for Radio Broadcasting Program to Satellite Nations' [Approved for Release, March 2009] Office of Policy Coordination requests information – negative and positive – from the State Department on conditions in Eastern Europe that could be used in Radio Free Europe broadcasts.
February 21, 1949	Memorandum for Mr. Wisner, 'Notes on Discussion of New York Committee with Mr. George Kennan, February 18, 1949' [Approved for Release, March 2009] George Kennan, State Department official Llewellyn E. Thompson, and Office of Policy Coordination director Frank Wisner agree that influential private citizens organizing the Free Europe Committee (FEC) require approval for the project from Secretary of State Dean Acheson and thereafter responsibility for dealing with East European émigré leaders will shift from State to the FEC.
June 2, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Information Summary No. 1 as of 0800 2 June 1988 This document provides a scenario in which the "Blue" governments have engaged in a campaign of increasingly hostile propaganda intended to discredit the "Red" bloc socioeconomic system. Consequently, domestic morale is low. The population has grown pessimistic and, in light of the international situation, feels emboldened to challenge the Red authorities and leaders.
June 2, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Operational Summary No. 2 for the period 0800 2 June to 1900 6 June 1988 This document describes a Warsaw Pact military exercise known as Shield-88. The exercise addresses a theoretical scenario in which NATO forces suddenly prepare to launch an attack on Warsaw Pact territory.
May 25, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Operational Summary No. 1 for the period 0800 25 May to 0800 2 June 1988 This document describes Warsaw Pact military exercises conducted between 25 May and 2 June 1988. Summarized in detail, the comprehensive exercise brought all facets of the combined forces to "wartime strength" in response to a theoretical threat posed by NATO.
June 8, 1956	Memorandum of Conversation with Choe Chang-ik Deputy Prime Minister of DPRK, Choe Chang-ik, discuss the unhealthy situation in the Korean Worker's Party and the North Korean government. Choe argues that there is nepotism within the personnel selection process and that a cult of personality exists within the KWP. Choe also expresses concern regarding the difficult economic situation in the DPRK.
June 5, 1956	Memorandum of Conversation with Choe Chang-ik Ambassador Ianov and Choe Chang-ik discuss the visit of the DPRK government delegation to Eastern Europe and the USSR and the policies of the Korean Worker's Party.
January 24, 1969	Minutes of Todor Zhivkov – Indira Gandhi Meeting, Delhi The two leaders talk about Vietnam, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and the situation in Europe.
October 20, 1970	Attitudes and Measures of the Warsaw Treaty States for Convening a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1970-1971 An analysis of the Warsaw Pact states' interests and goals in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe negotiations, including discussion of the military, territorial, economic, cultural, and scientific-technical aspects of the negotiations.