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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Interkit, 1966-1987

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

Eastern Europe

Albania

Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, 1969

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

-

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Documents

July 22, 1964	Report by the Czechoslovak Embassy in Tirana on Albanian-Chinese Relations This document reviews Albanian-Chinese relations during the mid-1960s, and discusses Albanian-Chinese differences with regard to their respective interpretations of Socialist ideology.
July 14, 1977	Bulgarian Communist Party Politburo Decision on Information about China after Mao This decision of the Politburo of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) refers to specific measures to be undertaken by Bulgaria's ideological and propagandistic organs in publicly condemning Maoism as an ideology contrary to the theory and practice of Socialism and Marxism-Leninism. Among these measures are the commissioning of publications, media reports, and lectures at institutions of higher education in order to excoriate Chinese foreign policy for its attacks on the Soviet Union and the other European Socialist countries.
July 9, 1973	Report by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on China's Policy toward Western Europe and Opposition against the CSCE This document contains information prepared by the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on China's European policy and Chinese opposition to the convocation of a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). It states that China's overall goals are diametrically opposed to those of the European Socialist countries and their Communist parties, with Beijing identifying the Soviet Union as its primary enemy. In this light, the Soviet leadership maintains that actively confronting China in ideological and political terms remains one of the most important tasks of the Warsaw Pact countries.
December 12, 1962	Minutes of Conversation between Chinese Deputy Director of the Department of Soviet and European Affairs Yu Zhan and Charge d’Affaires of the Soviet Union Nikolai Mesyatsev on the Sino-Indian Boundary Issue Yu Zhan and Nikolai Mesyatsev argued on Soviet responsibility in the stubbornness of India.
October 25, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Memorandum from the Soviet Union on the Sino-Indian Border Dispute and the Sale of Aircrafts to India' The Chinese Foreign Ministry informed all of its embassies and Charge d’Affaires about the Soviet Memorandum on the Sino-Indian Dispute and emphasized the necessity to make clear that India was the invader, not China.
October 22, 1962	Memorandum of Conversation between Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Hanfu and Soviet Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko Stepan Chervonenko and Zhang Hanfu discuss the ongoing border dispute between India and China, and Chervonenko presents a Soviet memorandum outlining the USSR's stance toward the war.
February 23, 1960	Meeting Minutes between Zhang Weile and Soviet Deputy Director of the Far Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs R. Sh. Kudashev Kudashev explained why the USSR was lobbying for Nehru: His influence in Asia, the importance of Indian support in the upcoming East-West Summit Conference, the possibility of enlisting India as an ally. He also discussed treaties between China and Burma and Indonesia.
July 31, 1970	Untitled Soviet report on Soviet-Chinese negotiations on border issues This report, prepared by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, states Moscow's readiness to resume negotiations with Beijing on the issue of border clashes along the Soviet-Chinese border.
August 14, 1963	Information by the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry on the Soviet-Chinese Discussions in Moscow This document examines Sino-Soviet relations with a focus on a 1963 discussion forum in Moscow. The analysis reveals an ideological and political divide between the two countries. Attached is a document outlining Chinese positions on questions of Socialism and peace and on Soviet-Sino relations.
July 23, 1963	Analysis by the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry of Chinese-Albanian and Chinese-Yugoslav Relations This document reviews relations between China and Albania during the 1960s, focusing on political and economic cooperation between the two allies. The author also discusses the relationship between China and Yugoslavia in the 1950s and 1960s. The document shows that Sino-Yugoslav relations have deteriorated due to Chinese criticism of the Albanian brand of Socialism.