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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Foreign Policy

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Kania, Stanislaw

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Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

Interkit, 1966-1987

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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January 14, 1981	Directive from the CPSU Secretariat, 14 January 1981, with Supporting Cables CPSU gives instructions to the Communist Party of Italy on how to deal with Solidarity leader Lech Walesa's visit.
February 18, 1985	Note from a Working Meeting of the CC International Department Deputy Heads of Fraternal Parties of Socialist Countries The group discussed a CC CPSU study which contained an analysis and assessment of the PRC’s foreign policy and its domestic situation.
April 15, 1977	Informational Note on the Meeting of the Representatives of International Departments of Six Fraternal Parties The CPSU, PUWP, SED, CPCz, HWSP, and BCP met to discuss an upcoming conference devoted to the discussion of the “Problems of Peace and Socialism.” China was another focus of the meeting, particularly the implications of the expansion of its industrial-military complex.
September 10, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 10 September 1981 (excerpt) The Soviet Politburo discusses dissent within Poland and the loss of power of the communist party in Poland.
September 15, 1981	Transcript of Brezhnev's Phone Conversation with Kania, 15 September 1981 Brezhnev worries the Polish Solidarity movement will undermine communist authority in Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe.
September 17, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 17 September 1981 (excerpt) Brezhnev informs the Politburo about his conversation with Cde. Kania of Poland on 11 September, 1981. He suggests applying strong pressure to Kania to put down the uprising.
October 29, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 29 October 1981 (excerpt) Soviet Politburo meeting discusses removing Cde. Kania due to uprisings in Poland. It also addresses shortages of oil and supplies for export and use within the Soviet Union.
April 13, 1982	KGB Annual Report for 1981 (Excerpts) In this report Andropov describes the successes of the KGB and Cheka in subverting the infiltration of counterintelligence of NATO countries and Solidarity in the Soviet Union.
October 29, 1980	Session of the CPSU CC Politboro on 'Materials for a Friendly Working Visit to the USSR by Polish Leaders' The CPSU CC Politboro discusses the anti-socialist movement in Poland, and how the Polish leadership should deal with the crisis. The Politboro begins to form an economic solution for Poland.
October 31, 1980	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 'On the Results of a Visit to the USSR by the First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party, Cde. S. Kania, and the Chairman of the PPR Council of Ministers, Cde. J. Pinkowski' A visit from Polish leadership reveals the extent of the crisis. Brezhnev believes that the Polish leadership is capable of maintaining control and quelling the counter-revolution, but that Poland is in dire need of economic assistance from the USSR.