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Western Europe

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

Great Britain

French Nuclear History

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Nuclear Proliferation

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United States. Executive Office of the President

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Photo of the Geneva Conference of 1954

Geneva Conference of 1954

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

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Sonnenfeldt, Helmut

1926-

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

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United States. Department of State

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Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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1959	The Internationalization of the Algerian Problem and Its Inscription on the Agenda of the General Assembly of the United Nations from 1957-1959 Detailed summary charting the development of United Nations debates and discussions about the Algerian problem, from 1957-1959, told from an Algerian perspective. Narrates the context and time-line of key events spurring four UN debates on the Algerian problem (from the first, in February 1957, to the fourth, in 1959). Focuses heavily on the foreign policy of France, under Charles De Gaulle's government, highlighting France's reluctance to negotiate, and recognize the independence of Algeria, and France's objections to the United Nation's recognition of Algerian independence.
1962	The Algerian Problem: Comparison with the Chinese Struggle Document comparing the Algerian struggle against France with that of China, arguing that the Algerian struggle cannot be compared, and is much more difficult than that of the Chinese. Asserts that Algerian situation is unique and unprecedented, in terms of colonized struggles, and that the Algerian revolution both represents, more generally, Africa's revolutionary hopes and that it has gained the support of communists, who hope to see Western powers swept from the African continent. Concludes by saying that Algeria's success rests on two factors; the FLN, and foreign support from anti-colonial forces from around the world.
April 20, 1961	Notes of Meeting between Boussouf, Benaouda, and Belhocine and the Chinese Ambassador Minutes of a meeting, on April 20, 1961, between Algerian representatives, Boussouf, Benaouda, and Belhocine, and a Chinese ambassador. In the meeting, which was called to discuss issues regarding weapons supplies from the Chinese, both sides discuss ensuing negotiations between Algeria and France. Also mentioned is Algeria's meeting with a United States ambassador, and the United States desire for compromise between Algeria and France.
January 18, 1962	Note to the GPRA Minister of Foreign Affairs, ‘Mission to Cuba' Report from Lakhdar Brahimi -- GPRA representative at celebration of Cuban revolution in Havana -- on meeting with Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, both of whom express considerable interest in Algerian revolution. Fidel Castro pledges Cuban support, both material and diplomatic, advises Algeria on how to proceed in negotiations with France, and strongly encourages the opening of an Algerian diplomatic mission in Cuba. Brahimi concludes with recommendations on how best to respond to Cuban suggestions and an outline of potential strategic benefits from a diplomatic relationship between two countries.
July 1996	A. Bouzid, ‘Summary of Armament during the 1954 Revolution' Summarizes the logistical process and efforts of armament for the Algerian revolution, from 1947-1962. Lists the various countries who supplied the Algerians with weapons and ammunition, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Libya, East Germany, and China. Outlines, in detail, the processes for transporting weapons across borders, the logistical structure of departments handling distribution and supply of weapons for the revolution, and modes of transport for these supplies.
March 19, 1961	Annex #1 to 'Development of Relations with Socialist Countries since March 19, 1961' Recommendation that the GPRA closely monitor China's potential admission to the United Nations. Recognizes that the USSR's efforts to get China recognized by the UN, if successful, could lead to the normalization of Chinese-French relations, and withdrawal of Chinese support for Algerian struggle; advises Algeria to quickly create a diplomatic relationship with China to make this withdrawal more difficult.
May 10, 1955	Report from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Comments on the Asian-African Conference from Capitalist Ruled Countries After the Asian-African Conference' The Chinese Foreign Ministry summarizes (predominantly) Western leaders' statements about the Bandung Conference. Secretary Dulles expressed great satisfaction with the "useful and good conference," especially its role in "checking China," while Great Britain expressed strong disapproval of China's behavior at the conference and France was "shocked" that Algeria was discussed. Israel and Australia expressed regret that they were excluded from the conference.
February 8, 1993	Cable from Brazilian Foreign Ministry to Embassy in Washington, 'Brazil-France. Science and technology. Visit of D. José Israel Vargas. Meeting with Minister Hubert Curien.' This cable describes the visit of Brazilian Minister of Science and Technology José Israel Vargas to France. Israel Vargas met his French counterpart Minister of Science and Space Hubert Curien. Israel Vargas asked the French minister about the possibility of a French contribution to the Brazilian space program by transferring technology. Curien answered that this is not possible because the French government respects its international commitments regarding the transfer of sensitive technologies.
February 25, 1959	Information Note by Theodor Vogelaar of Legal Services of European Executive, 'Defining the Scope of the Euratom Treaty - Peaceful and Military' This information note to the members of the Commission lays out the peaceful and military limits to the scope of the Euratom Treaty.
May 7, 1957	Press Conference on 7 May 1957 by Louis Armand, 'A Target for Euratom' This press conference given by Louis Armand, future first president of Euratom, details a report advocating the creation of an industrial substrate capable of producing by the end of the century abundant energy so that Europe may regain its independence and rethink its economy.