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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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East Asia

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North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

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A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

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Central America and Caribbean

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Mao, Zedong

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Poland

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Documents

July 2, 1945	Record of a Meeting between T.V. Soong and Stalin Notes taken during meetings between the Chinese nationalist government and the Soviet Union in Moscow during Sino-Soviet treaty negotiations.
April 3, 1979	Information about the Results of the Official Friendly Visit of A.N. Kosygin in India (March 9-15 of This Year) This document reports on the visit by the Soviet premier, Alexsei Kosygin, to India in March 1979. The Indian leadership once again confirms its intention to retain close relations with Moscow irrespective of the future relationship with the US and China. During the visit a number of trade and scientific agreements are signed. The USSR expresses its readiness to cooperate in the nuclear field on the basis of peaceful use as laid down in the Indian-Soviet agreement of January 1979. Reacting to the Chinese threat and its perceived objective to gain a hegemonic position in Asia, India wishes to talk about the delivery of more sophisticated military equipment. The Soviet officials interpret Indian foreign policy as moving closer to the Socialist Bloc and joining Vietnam and Cuba in the formation of a ‘leftist wing’ in the Non-Aligned Movement.
May 9, 1977	Information about Negotiations of the Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, A. A. Gromyko, with the New Indian leadership (April 25 - 27 of This Year) This Soviet report on the results of Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko’s April 1977 visit to India encapsulates Moscow’s first impressions of the new Indian Government. The main issue of the Soviet-Indian talks was the maintenance of the close relations between the two countries. The Desai government promises strict adherence to the 1971 Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. The new Indian leadership also renewed the commitment not to weaponize its nuclear programme. With respect to China, Desai opposes any new initiatives to improve relations with Beijing.
December 5, 1988	Report on the Visit of the Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to India This document describes events during the visit of the Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to India in November 1988. Talks cover the question of nuclear disarmament and a number regional conflicts. With respect to Afghanistan, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi supports the Geneva Agreement and the initiation of an inner-Afghan dialogue. He stresses the importance of keeping President Najibullah in power. During the visit several agreements on trade and cooperation in scientific matters are signed.
December 18, 1986	Regarding the Results of the Visit of Mikhail Gorbachev to India This document reports on the visit by Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to India in 1986. The report recounts an ever-deepening relationship between India and the Soviet Union. One of the main reasons for the Indian position is the strong support for Pakistan by the US, the delivery of modern weaponry to this country together with concerns that Pakistan will soon develop nuclear weapons. Gandhi also accuses Pakistan of training Sikh terrorists on its territory. The Soviet side intends to further intensify its relations with India and to upgrade them by treating India as a full-fledged world power. The aim is to establish a long-term special relationship with India based on common principles in the foreign arena and close collaboration in all other fields.
November 23, 1977	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV), Report of the IKV Meeting of 23 November 1977 In this meeting, The IKV responds to NATO discussions about a possible introduction of the 'N-bomb' [neutron bomb]. The neutron bomb would will probably be introduced; however the IKV needs to do all that it can to prevent its arrival.
March 18, 1977	Letter from Mient Jan Faber to Peter Boskma of the Technical University of Twente In this letter, Faber asks Boskma to write a pamphlet for the Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) about nuclear weapons and to help think about IKV’s strategy against these weapons for an upcoming campaign. Even though direct action is the new and primary strategy for the campaign, writing publications is identified by IKV president Ter Veer as "one of the most important tasks of the peace movement."
June 9, 1976	Letter from A.J. Meerburg to Mient Jan Faber of the Interchurch Peace Council Diplomat A.J. Meerburg writes to activist Mient Jan Faber about nuclear proliferation and disarmament issues, illustrating the amiable relations that developed between social activists and national security professionals and activists in the Netherlands.
November 12, 1975	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV), Report of the Meeting of 12 November 1975 Meeting minutes showing the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense's respective interests in the IKV and Pax Christi's "small-steps-theory," a theory on gradual disarmament through a series of small unilateral steps. Includes discussion concerning a proposal to form a study group of both interested civil servants and peace activists to formulate an alternative policy.
January 1972	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) Internal Paper, 'The Power of Europe' This document provides an extensive analysis and critique of the balance of nuclear deterrence. Analysis includes objections to the balance of nuclear deterrence theory. This marks the first time that the IKV ever articulated such objections.