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Eastern Europe

Hungary

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Nagy, Imre

1896- 1958

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Malin, V. N.

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Documents

August 18, 1989	Record of Conversation between Representatives of the Opposition Roundtable and Boris Stukalin, Soviet Ambassador in Budapest Record of conversation between representatives of the Opposition Roundtable and Boris Stukalin, Soviet Ambassador in Budapest involving a speech made by Viktor Orbán regarding pessimism towards the negotiations
January 23, 1980	Report on the talks of Gyula Horn, representative of the HSWP CC Foreign Department in The United States and Canada This document provides a summary of the main points covered in a meeting of Hungary, the United States, and Canada. The US expresses concern about the Soviet's offensive in Afghanistan, how it may lead to a preponderance of Soviet power in the region. The US contends it needs to maintain its influence in the Middle East-despite additional Soviet influence-as it is important for raw materials.
March 30, 1968	Report, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Report from Hungarian Ambassador in Delhi Péter Kós to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry on India's increasingly flexible position on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
July 2, 1960	Report, Embassy of Hungary in North Korea to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Károly Práth reports on North Korea's Seven-Year Plan, the difference in ideological views between the Chinese and Soviets, and Korea's relations with those two countries.
January 4, 1968	Report by the Bulgarian Foreign Minister on the Ministerial Meeting in Warsaw on the Situation in the Middle East, 19-21 December 1967 Ivan Bashev presents a report on the CPSU-organized meeting in Warsaw, where Eastern European government officials exchanged views on the situation in the Middle East. Among the discussed topics were the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Yemeni Civil War, and recent developments in Iraq.
July 18, 1949	Cable, Liu Shaoqi to Mao Zedong A committee to write up a preliminary draft for a loan from the USSR to China is created. Stalin meets with a delegation of the CCP and answers several of their questions, including: the CCP's policy towards the Chinese national bourgeoisie, the matter of people's democratic dictatorship, Chinese foreign policy issues, Sino-Soviet relations, Xinjiang, Dalian, a Chinese University in Moscow, a railway from outer Mongolia to Zhangjiakou, and a naval school. Stalin and the CCP delegation also discussed the possibility of a war breaking out between the USSR and the US.
November 4, 1956	Stenographic record of a 4 November 1956 meeting of Party activists Khrushchev describes the events of the counterrevolution in Hungary and the crisis in Poland. He recounts the CPSU's consultations with other communist parties in the socialist camp to determine their attitude toward Soviet intervention, particularly in Hungary. Leaders from China, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia agreed with the Soviet position, but Polish leaders opposed the presence of Soviet troops in Hungary. Khrushchev reports that following these meetings, the CPSU CC Presidium decided to prepare for an attack on the counterrevolutionary forces in Hungary. He then reads aloud an open letter which declares the Hungarian Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Government. He gives details about the suppression of the counterrevolution by Soviet armed forces and the positive reaction of the socialist countries. He states that the lessons of the counterrevolution are to improve relations with the fraternal parties and the socialist countries and to treat them with respect; to improve political work among students and the masses so that they are not mislead by counterrevolutionaries; and to strengthen the Soviet Army.
1982	The New Hungarian Peace Movement Pamphlet from European Nuclear Disarmament containing two articles by Hungarian activist Ferenc Koszegi detailing the rise of independent peace groups within Hungary. Koszegi describes the make-up of the groups (mostly ages 14-20 and in secondary schools, along with religious groups) and problems for their growth and effectiveness, including the potential co-option by the existing state peace council and outside manipulation. He argues that the groups should increase communication networks and open dialogue with the west in order to survive and prosper. The pamphlet also contains the transcript of a speech delivered by E.P. Thompson to an independent peace group in Budapest advocating for such peace groups and the transcending of Cold War rhetoric for the purpose of nuclear disarmament.
November 19, 1959	Report, Embassy of the Hungarian People’s Republic in the DPRK to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary Report from Ambassador Károly Práth to Budapest on a conversation he held with Deputy Foreign Minister Yu Changsik. Topics discussed included the sixth session of the DPRK’s Second Supreme People’s Assembly, the mechanization of agriculture in the DPRK, the need to increase quality in North Korean industry and the revisionism and consequent failures of Yugoslavia.
May 6, 1950	Report, Hungarian Foreign Ministry to the Embassy of Hungary in North Korea (Excerpt) The Hungarian Ambassador to North Korea detailing the behavior of the North Korean delegation at the April 4, 1950 celebrations held in Budapest.