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Western Europe

Great Britain

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Photo of the Geneva Conference of 1954

Geneva Conference of 1954

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Western Europe

France

Indochinese War

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Southeast Asia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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Eden, Anthony, Earl of Avon

1897- 1977

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Bandung Conference 1955

Bandung Conference, 1955

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-US Ambassadorial Talks, 1955-1970

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Bidault, Georges

-

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Zhang, Wentian

1900- 1976

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May 10, 1955	Report from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Comments on the Asian-African Conference from Capitalist Ruled Countries After the Asian-African Conference' The Chinese Foreign Ministry summarizes (predominantly) Western leaders' statements about the Bandung Conference. Secretary Dulles expressed great satisfaction with the "useful and good conference," especially its role in "checking China," while Great Britain expressed strong disapproval of China's behavior at the conference and France was "shocked" that Algeria was discussed. Israel and Australia expressed regret that they were excluded from the conference.
October 28, 1958	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union, 'Gromyko Discussed the Issue of Stopping Nuclear Weapons Tests' Gromyko informs Liu Xiao of the Soviet position and strategy in its negotiations with the United States and the United Kingdom for halting nuclear tests.
October 19, 1954	Minutes of Chairman Mao Zedong’s First Meeting with Nehru Mao Zedong and Nehru discuss Sino-Indian relations, the political situation in Asia, and the role of the United States in world politics.
August 23, 1958	Memoir by Wu Lengxi, 'Inside Story of the Decision Making during the Shelling of Jinmen' Wu Lengxi, a member of the CCP Central Committee, recalls events in August 1958 when Chinese Communist forces along the Fujian coast began an intensive artillery bombardment of the Nationalist-controlled Jinmen Island. He recalls a Politburo Standing Committee meeting in which Mao states that the bombardment was in part motivated by events in the Middle East.
January 21, 1958	Abstract of Conversation: Vice-Minister Zhang Receives Indian Ambassador Nehru Responding to concerns about Great Britain expressed earlier by Premier Zhou in an earlier conversation, Ambassador Nehru reports that UK Prime Minister Macmillan believes that any major powers conference on disarmament should be organized by the US and USSR. Ambassador Nehru emphasized the necessity of Chinese involvement to PM Macmillan.
June 30, 1956	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan, 'The Main Themes of Pakistan’s Diplomatic Activities' The report claimed that the two main themes of Pakistani diplomatic activities are 1/Winning the support of foreign leaders for its position on the Kashmir issue and 2/Breaking away from its isolated position and resolving its financial difficulties. Pakistani diplomatic stance toward China, the Soviet Union, the United States, Great Britain, France and the Arab League was examined.
February 25, 1955	Abstract of Conversation: Chinese Premier Zhou receives Trevelyan Zhou Enlai and Trevelyan debated on the nature of the Manila Treaty and its implications for the Geneva Agreement.They also discussed the issue of the Dai Autonomous Region between China and Thailand and the legal status of Taiwan.
May 10, 1955	Report from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Comments on the Asian-African Conference from the Participating Countries After the Conference' Description of the reaction to the Asian-African Conference in both participating countries and capitalist ruled countries.
November 3, 1964	Record of Zhou Enlai’s Discussion with British Minister President of the Board of Trade Douglas Jay Having successfully executed a nuclear test explosion, Zhou Enlai describes the Chinese government’s motivation for pursuing atomic weapons capabilities. Zhou argues that the Three-Nation Treaty (Limited Test Ban Treaty) is insufficient, that the United States remains committed to nuclear proliferation despite the agreement, and that China seeks to end the monopoly that other nuclear powers have thus far exploited. Zhou also calls for the organization of a global, truly equal summit at which to discuss the issue of nuclear weapons testing and proliferation.
September 5, 1963	Zhou Enlai’s Discussion with a Kenyan African National Federation Delegation (Excerpt) Zhou Enlai criticizes the Three-Nation Treaty (Limited Test Ban Treaty) of 1963, arguing that it signifies an attempt by the US, UK, and USSR to monopolize nuclear weapons. Enlai warns that the agreement will allow larger nuclear countries to commit “nuclear blackmail” against smaller, non-nuclear countries.