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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

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Western Europe

France

Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

Egypt

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

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Hughes, Thomas Lowe

1925-

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Sisco, Joseph J.

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United States Non-Recognition Policy

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Saunders, Harold H.

1930- 2016

Anatoly Dobrynin, 1977

Dobrynin, Anatoly Fedorovich

1919- 2010

Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

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October 17, 1966	US Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Harlan Cleveland, 'Notes on Washington Trip' In the U.S. Ambassador to NATO Harlen Cleveland's notes on his meeting with Secretary Rusk, Cleveland details Rusk's thoughts about Soviet interest in the NPT. According to the Secretary, the “Soviets should have no real difficulty in finding a common interest with us in signing a treaty which enshrines [the] two self-denying provisions” of no-transfer to non-nuclear weapons states and “no relinquishment of control by the US over US warheads.”
September 23, 1966	Adrian Fisher, Acting Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, to Hays Redmon, Staff Assistant to the President, enclosing 'Summary of Recent Soviet "Signals" on Non-Proliferation' In this report, ACDA Deputy Director Adrian Fisher summarizes Moscow's growing interest in reaching a final agreement on an NPT, in part because of its recognition of “pressures growing in third countries for development of nuclear capabilities.”
July 9, 1965	State Department Policy Planning Staff, 'S/P Consultants Discussion of Atlantic Affairs' with Cover memorandum from Walt Rostow to Secretary of Defense McNamara In this meeting between members of the Policy Planning Staff's board of consultants, the participants discussed their policy preferences towards European nuclear arrangements. Recognizing “bitter” French and Soviet objections to a collective nuclear force, the consultants believed that over time it might be possible to “get both the force and the agreement.”
November 27, 1962	Secretary of State to the President, 'Agreement on Non-Diffusion of Nuclear Weapons,' with Enclosures and Cover Memorandum from McGeorge Bundy In this proposed agreement, Secretary of State Rusk asked the White House for authorization to approach the Soviets. Rusk had two central goals in mind: to determine if the Soviets would state whether its allies, such as China, would agree to a nonproliferation agreement and to give Moscow a “somewhat more precise indication of what we have in mind concerning the obligation not to transfer nuclear weapons.”
May 29, 1940	The Chargé in the Soviet Union (Thurston) to the Secretary of State The Soviet Union threatens intervention in Lithuania due to the alleged "disappearance of men from Soviet military garrison established in Lithuania."
March 24, 1958	Letter from Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs C. Burke Elbrick, 'Draft NSC Paper Concerning Baltic States' Policy paper explaining the current status of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and the US policy of non-recognition of their incorporation into the Soviet Union.
1954	Department of State, Memorandum, 'The Attitude of the United States and Other Governments Toward the Forced Incorporation of the Baltic Republics into the Soviet Union' State Department memorandum summarizing policy toward Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia following the Soviet incorporation of the Baltic States.
November 5, 1965	Department of State, Memorandum, 'Current United States Policy Toward Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia' Explanation of US policy of non-recognition of Soviet control of the Baltic states.
December 7, 1954	Department of State, Memorandum, 'Problems of Compatibility of Collective Security Negotiations with the USSR and Present US Policy Towards the Baltic States' History of US relations with the Baltic states and the current policy of non-recognition of Soviet control.
1966	Department of State, Background Memorandum, 'The Baltic Question and US-USSR Exchanges' Summary of past negotiations with the Soviet Union for cultural exchanges which include the Baltic States. The State Department wants to avoid the Soviets using these exchanges to erode the US policy of not recognizing Soviet control of the Baltics.