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Eastern Europe

Hungary

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Dulles, Allen

1893- 1969

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

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Meyer, Cord

1920- 2001

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Murphy, Robert D. (Robert Daniel)

1894- 1978

President Dwight D. Eisenhower

Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David)

1890- 1969

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957

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Documents

November 20, 1956	CIA Assessment of Radio Free Europe Hungarian Broadcasts CIA provides the White House with an early appraisal of RFE broadcasting to Hungary during the Revolution.
November 9, 1956	Impressions of Radio Free Europe Hungarian Broadcasts Frank Wisner discusses impressions of RFE broadcasts with interlocutors in Vienna
November 5, 1956	Controversy Over Radio Free Europe Broadcasting Radio Free Europe (RFE) Director Conerey Egan reports RFE broadcasting policy problems to CIA.
November 3, 1956	Comprehensive Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts An authoritative, cautionary US government guidance, approved by Allen Dulles and Deputy Undersecretary of State Robert Murphy, conveyed to the Free Europe Committee that afternoon.
November 2, 1956	Phone Conversation on Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts Radio Free Europe (RFE) Director Conerey Egan in New York telephones RFE Deputy Director Richard Condon in Munich to direct that RFE should report Hungarian developments and insurgent demands but not take a position for or against individual leaders or political parties.
October 25, 1956	Policy Considerations for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts A CIA/International Operations Division official recommends policies to guide RFE broadcasting to Hungary during the revolution.
October 25, 1956	Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts CIA/International Operations Division guidance for Radio Free Europe at the outset of the Hungarian Revolution calls for extensive use of President Eisenhower’s September 23 statement on maintaining the spirit of freedom and for caution in pre-judging Imre Nagy.
July 3, 1956	National Security Council, NSC 5608, Draft of “US Policy toward the Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe” Staff draft of NSC 5608, concluding that ferment in the Communist world provides new opportunities to challenge Soviet control. A draft annex called for “encouraging evolutionary change” and defined as tasks of RFE and RL (and other USG-funded media) “avoiding any incitement to premature revolt” while “seeking to maintain faith in the eventual restoration of freedom.” Redacted document 76, FRUS, 1955-1957, XXV, unredacted document 12, Csaba Békés, Malcolm Byrne, and János M. Rainer, The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2002.)
March 28, 1956	Budapest Legation Dispatch No. 372, Radio Free Europe Hungarian Broadcasts Appraised In Budapest Legation Dispatch No. 372, two Hungarian-speaking officers appraise the content and reception quality of Radio Free Europe (RFE) Hungarian broadcasts. They rate newscasts higher than commentaries and features
July 22, 1954	US Government Policy for Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty An annex to the Operations Coordinating Board (OCB) “169 Study” on U.S. international communications reviews the goals and effectiveness of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty.