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The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

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East German Uprising

Berlin Wall 1986

Germany

Berlin

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Western Europe

France

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

Portrait of John Foster Dulles

Dulles, John Foster

1888- 1959

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Dulles, Allen

1893- 1969

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Nuclear Proliferation

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September 12, 1989	East Germany: Emigration Raises Pressure An analysis of Hungary's pressure on East Germany to replace Honecker and tighten travel restrictions.
August 23, 1989	East Germany: Leadership Concerns An analysis of diminishing faith in East Germany's leadership.
June 26, 1989	East Germany: Seeking Fresh Policy Options An analysis of East German dissatisfaction with economic growth and the Politburo's decision to task Berlin's Humboldt University with policy development.
December 10, 1957	Letter, Nikolai Bulganin to Dwight D. Eisenhower Bulganin proposes a halt on nuclear tests among the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom beginning on January 1, 1958.
September 26, 1986	Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence, 'European Review [Redacted]' Brief summaries of intelligence from Europe.
July 15, 1965	Research Memorandum REU-25 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'Attitudes of Selected Countries on Accession to a Soviet Co-sponsored Draft Agreement on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons' With a nuclear nonproliferation treaty under consideration in Washington, INR considered which countries were likely to sign on and why or why not. INR analysts, mistakenly as it turned out, believed it unlikely that the Soviet Union would be a co-sponsor of a treaty in part because of the “international climate” and also because Moscow and Washington differed on whether a treaty would recognize a “group capability.”
January 31, 1962	Research Memorandum REU-25 from Roger Hilsman to Mr. Kohler, 'European Attitudes on Independent Nuclear Capability' Concerns about the credibility of US nuclear deterrence generated Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) General Lauris Norstad’s proposal for a NATO-controlled medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) force. This lengthy report represented INR’s assessment of “present and future European interest in national or multinational nuclear weapons capabilities,” including the MRBM proposal, and the extent to which an “enhancement of NATO's nuclear role” could “deter national or multinational European nuclear weapons programs.”
June 4, 1957	Department of State Office of Intelligence Research, 'OIR Contribution to NIE 100-6-57: Nuclear Weapons Production by Fourth Countries – Likelihood and Consequences' This lengthy report was State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research's contribution to the first National Intelligence Estimate on the nuclear proliferation, NIE 100-6-57. Written at a time when the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom were the only nuclear weapons states, the “Fourth Country” problem referred to the probability that some unspecified country, whether France or China, was likely to be the next nuclear weapons state. Enclosed with letter from Helmut Sonnenfeldt, Division of Research for USSR and Western Europe, to Roger Mateson, 4 June 1957, Secret
May 14, 1955	Warsaw Pact Treaty Treaty establishing the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of West Germany into NATO.
June 11, 1976	George Vest to the Secretary of State, 'London Nuclear Suppliers Meeting' This document provides an overview of the London Nuclear Suppliers' Meeting which included the addition of the five newest countries to the original seven. Most old and new members were receptive when Washington lobbied them to support a “long term and stable regime of restraint” on the export of sensitive enrichment and reprocessing technology. While the French were supportive of the moratorium proposal, the Germans were uncomfortable with it, not least because of the implications for their deal with Brazil.