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"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

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Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

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Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

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Pakistani Nuclear History

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February 18, 1960	Hugh S. Cuming, Director, Office of Intelligence and Research, to Secretary of State, 'Growing Revelation of West German Interest in Nuclear Striking Force in Europe' This State Department intelligence report touched upon a key issue for West German policy: a desire to upgrade West Germany’s nuclear role without putting it in control of nuclear weapons. According to the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), the West Germans faced a “dilemma” because of the development of Soviet strategic missile capabilities.
December 14, 1957	John Foster Dulles, Memorandum of Conversation with Chancellor Adenauer Conversation between John Foster Dulles and Chancellor Adenauer at a NATO meeting. Dulles learned from Adenauer that the French-West German project on nuclear weapons research would soon come to include Italy, to which Dulles expressed reservations and suggested a broader arrangement including the U.S. and the U.K.
August 12, 1957	Letter from Max Isenbergh, Special Assistant for Atomic Energy, to Robert Schaetzel, Office of Special Assistant to Secretary of State for Atomic Energy, enclosing 'Franco-German Coordination of Advanced Weapons Research, Development, and Production' During the summer of 1957, diplomats in London and Washington were becoming uneasy as they learned that France and West Germany were setting up formal arrangements to cooperate in the development of advanced weapons systems.
October 27, 1954	Memorandum of Conversation with British, French, and German Embassy Officials, 'German Atomic Energy Program' In this meeting, Werner Heisenberg, a key figure in Nazi Germany’s atomic bomb project, reaffirmed the West German commitment not to manufacture atomic weapons to a group of U.S., British, and French officials in Washington.
April 4, 1976	Letter from Akbar Etemad, President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, to Hans-Hilger Haunschild, Deputy Minister in the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of FRG Etemad acknowledges receipt of a letter from Haunschild stating that fissionable nuclear materials will not be transfered to any of the countries listed in the annex.
April 4, 1976	Letter from Akbar Etemad, President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, to Hans-Hilger Haunschild, Deputy Minister in the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of FRG Etemad acknowledges receipt of a letter from Haunschild stating that in the future West Germany and Iran may cooperate " to build uranium enrichment, or fuel reprocessing installations in Iran."
April 4, 1976	Letter from Akbar Etemad, President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, to Hans-Hilger Haunschild, Deputy Minister in the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of FRG Etemad acknowledges receipt of a letter from Haunschild with details of the contract to be signed for nuclear cooperation between West Germany and Iran.
December 10, 1957	Letter, Nikolai Bulganin to Dwight D. Eisenhower Bulganin proposes a halt on nuclear tests among the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom beginning on January 1, 1958.
October 22, 1976	Cable No. 17944, US Embassy Bonn to the Secretary of State, 'Expulsions of North Korean Diplomats from Scandinavian Countries' An official at the American Embassy in Bonn discusses the North Korean smuggling scandals in Scandinavia, suggests possible connections between the scandals and North Korean Embassies elsewhere in Europe, and confirms the absence of North Korean smuggling in the Federal Republic of Germany.
September 26, 1986	Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence, 'European Review [Redacted]' Brief summaries of intelligence from Europe.