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Central Africa

Angola

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Southern Africa

South Africa

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

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Southern Africa

Namibia

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Botha, R. F. (Roelof Frederik) ("Pik")

1932-

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Ford, Gerald R.

1913- 2006

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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United States. Defense Intelligence Agency

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Handshake between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon

Sino-American Cooperation, 1972-1989

Fireworks over the closing ceremonies of the Seoul Olympics, 1988

1988 Seoul Olympic Games

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

South African Nuclear History

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January 29, 1988	Confidential Telegram from USINT Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz,'The Military Situation in Angola -- Cubans Deny UNITA Seizure of Strategic Town' A telegram from United States Interests Section in Havana to Secretary of State Shultz describing Cuban reactions to reports that UNITA captured the strategic Angolan town of Cuito Cuanavale, capital city of Cuando Cubango. Cuban press call such claims false and lies of the racist South Africans.
December 2, 1987	Confidential Telegram from USINT Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz, 'Cuba Describes Geographic Position and Military Role of its Forces in Angola' Telegram from United States Interests Section in Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz describing the placement of Cuban forces in Angola and the justification that they are not taking part in active combat.
April 1984	Defense Intelligence Agency Report, 'Soviet Military and Other Activities in Sub-Saharan Africa' An overview of Soviet political, economic and military involvement in Africa. The document asserts that although Moscow continues its policy of taking an active and aggressive role in the affairs of Sub-Saharan Africa, much of the momentum it initially possessed has been lost. Moscow now finds itself holding onto the influence it maintains most notably in Mozambique, Angola and Ethiopia.
1975	Meeting Transcript, Kissinger and Brezhnev Discuss Angola in Moscow Kissinger questions Brezhnev about Cuban involvement in Angola and asks if the Cubans will withdraw if the South Africans do. Brezhnev gives no definitive answers.
December 3, 1975	Memorandum of Conversation with Chinese Delegation led by Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping Chinese delegation visits the White House and discusses Angola. The Chinese emphasize that South Africa must exit the conflict if there is to be any chance of rallying other African states to oppose Neto.
1998	Interview with Robert W. Hultslander, Last CIA Station Chief in Luanda, Angola CIA station chief in Luanda, Hultslander gives his perspective on the US involvement in Angola. In his interview he explains what the US knew about liberation movements prior to the outbreak of Civil War, his opinion on the CIA covert action program IAFEATURE, the Cuban presence in Angola and his assessment of the leading factions in Angola; MPLA, UNITA and FNLA.
November 27, 1975	Cable, Henry Kissinger, 'Angola: SAG Requests USG Provide FNLA/UNITA with Military Equipment' Response to a request made by the South African Defense Forces Chief of Staff to supply UNITA/FNLA. The US believes that UNITA/FNLA are receiving sufficient support to meet their defensive needs.
June 27, 1975	US National Security Council Meeting Minutes on Angola President Ford is briefed on the situation in Angola and requests possible options that the US could pursue to be made ready.
December 2, 1975	Memorandum of Conversation between Mao Zedong and Gerald R. Ford President Ford and Secretary Kissinger met with Chairman Mao and spoke about Chinese-U.S. relations, Japanese-U.S. relations, Chinese foreign relations with Japan and Western countries, NATO, the Sinai Agreement, and Soviet attempts to expand influence in Africa.
May 15, 1981	Notes on Meeting between South African Minister of Foreign Affairs R. F. Botha and US President Reagan South African Minister of Foreign Affairs "Pik" Botha and President Reagan meet in Washington, DC. South African Ambassador Sole, the note taker, interprets Reagan's friendly opening comments as "the inference clearly being that he had no illusions about democratic rule in Africa." They discuss the situation in Namibia and Angola, and their shared opposition to Soviet and communist influence in the region. Botha also asks Reagan to help South Africa's souring relations with France regarding nuclear cooperation. Botha states that "South Africa was not preparing or intending to explode a nuclear device, but[...] could not afford publicly to surrender this option."