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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Chinese troops cross the Yalu River, 1950, to fight in the Korean War.

China and the Korean War

Anastas Mikoyan in 1959

Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich

1895- 1978

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

1890- 1986

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May 4, 1943	Excerpt on Xinjiang from Minutes No. 40 of the VKP(b) CC Politburo Meetings The CPSU Central Committee announces that it "cannot tolerate such provocative activity" of Xinjiang Governor Sheng Shicai and that it will provide support to rebels "in their struggle against the repressive colonialist policy of the Governor."
June 26, 1946	Letter from Cde. M. Suslov to Cde. A.A. Zhdanov Cde. Suslov offers suggestions for Soviet policy toward the rebellion in northern Xinjiang and the East Turkestan Republic (ETR).
August 19, 1947	Letter from Zhang Zhizhong to Mr. Savel'yev, Consul General of the USSR in Urumqi Zhang Zhizhong, the leading Guomindang official in Xinjiang, expresses his hope that China and the Soviet Union can cooperate in Xinjiang in maintaining Chinese sovereignty over the entire province.
July 12, 1947	Letter from Ahmetjan Qasimi and Rahim Jan Sabri to Mr. Savel'yev, Consul General of the USSR in Urumqi Ahmetjan Qasimi and a colleague asks for Stalin's and the Soviet Union's support in protecting the interests of Muslims in Xinjiang.
May 18, 1989	Diary of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 18 May 1989 Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze diary entry describing his time in Shanghai during negotiations to normalize Soviet-Chinese relations. Notes that Shanghai, like Beijing, "is in the power of the student strikers," and speculates that the student strike is "seemingly heated up by [the Soviet delegation's] visit."
May 17, 1989	Diary of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 17 May 1989 Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze diary entry, describing negotiations between China and a USSR delegation. The negotiations cover border issues, Soviet assistance in improving relations between India and Nepal, and Afghanistan, among other issues. Following the negotiations, Mamaladze describes protesters, "two hundred thousand strong," and notes that the movement has grown beyond just students.
May 16, 1989	Diary of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 16 May 1989 Diary entry of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, describing a visit to Tiananmen Square, and the "democracy-thirsty" students in a hunger strike at the square. Also remarks on the normalization of Soviet-Chinese relations, marked by a meeting between Gorbachev, Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang.
May 19, 1989	Notepad of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 19 May 1989 Notes from Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, covering discussions between Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang, and Viktor Karpov. The Chinese side discusses Deng's role against the student unrest going on in China, and the punishment of protestors attempting to storm the building of the All Chinese Congress of People's Representatives.
May 18, 1989	Notepad of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 18 May 1989 Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze notebook from May 18 of visit to China. Describes a dinner in Shanghai.
May 17, 1989	Notepad of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 17 May 1989 Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze notebook, covering May 17 of USSR trip to China to normalize relations. Notes a speech by Gorbachev at China's National People's Congress, before moving to the call to cancel a planned press conference because there are "200 thousand [students] around us...This is a revolution." Some press conference is then held, and Gorbachev's comments are summarized. The notes conclude with Gorbachev's comments on the student protesters.