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Uyghur man in Xinjiang

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Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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Sheng, Shicai

1897- 1970

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich

1890- 1986

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Beria, Lavrenty P.

1899- 1953

Uyghur intellectual Abdurehim Äysa

“Local Nationalism" in Xinjiang, 1957-1958

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China

Manchuria

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Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

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China

Dalian

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July 3, 1945	Report from L. Beria to I.V. Stalin of the State Defense Committee and V.M. Molotov of the Council of People's Commissars Beria reports on a Chinese offensive against the Dungan rebel battalion in the Ili District of Xinjiang, noting the Chinese and rebel losses.
June 2, 1945	Letter from L. Beria to Cde. I.V. Stalin of the State Defense Committee and Cde. V.M. Molotov of the Council of People's Commissars Beria describes a meeting between NKVD Lt. Col. Prokopyuk and Shakirjan at which Shakirjan suggested renewing active rebel operations, emphasizing that the lack of combat is beginning to demoralize the Muslim population.
April 22, 1945	Letter from Alihan Tore to Commander-in-Chief Marshal Stalin Shakirjan praises Stalin and the Soviet Union, emphasizing that the Ili rebels' victory over the Chinese government is contingent on the continued receipt of Soviet aid.
May 11, 1945	Letter from L. Beria to Cde. I.V. Stalin Molotov reports that he is sending Stalin a letter from Alihan Tore Shakirjan, the Chairman of the Provisional Government of East Turkestan.
April 29, 1945	Report from L. Beria and A. Vyshinsky to Cde. I.V. Stalin Beria and Vyshinsky summarize the prevailing conditions in the Ili District of Xinjiang, describing the equipment and foodstuffs seized by the rebels, the extent of Chinese army losses, and the provisional government headed by Alihan Tore Shakirjan. Urging Stalin to support the Ili Muslims' liberation movement, they offer suggestions for future actions in support of the rebel army.
April 17, 1945	Special Report from General-Major Yegnarov to USSR People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs, General Commissar of State Security, Cde. L.P. Beria General Yegnarov reports on the Ili rebel army's capture of 220 Chinese troops and their cache of weapons in Torgustay and a subsequent rebel seizure of Chinese weapons in Takiantsan.
November 15, 1949	From the Diary of N.V. Roshchin, Memorandum of Conversation with Prime Minister Zhou Enlai on 15 November 1949 Conversation between Soviet Ambassador Roshchin and Chinese Premier Enlai. Zhou Enlai puts forth some future military plans of the PLA. Specifically, the plans to enter Tibet following liberation in Xinjiang and Sichuan, and to attack Hainan are discussed. He adds that the losses incurred in the Battle of Shantou will inform the eventual attack on Formosa.
October 24, 1949	Memorandum of Conversation of Soviet Ambassador Roshchin with Deputy Chairman Zhu De on 24 October 1949 Conversation between Soviet Ambassador Roshchin and Commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Zhu De. Zhu De notes that PLA progress through Southern China is meeting little resistance, although it is slowed by the lack of available gasoline. De puts forth his opinion that Chinese success in Xinjiang will depend on mechanized agricultural aid from the Soviets.
September 15, 1959	Mikihail Zimyanin's Background Report for Khrushchev on China (Excerpt) Mikhail Zimyanin, head of the Soviet Foreign Ministry’s Far Eastern department, reports to Khrushchev on the “new stage” in Sino-Soviet relations after the victory of the people’s revolution in China; China and the Soviet Union now share the common goal of developing socialist societies in their respective countries.
April 5, 1956	From the Journal of Ambassador P. F. Yudin, Record of Conversation with Mao Zedong, 31 March 1956 Soviet Ambassador Yudin discusses the 20th Congress of the CPSU with Mao, including Khrushchev's "secret speech" denouncing Stalin and his cult of personality. Mao had already seen a copy and discusses mistakes in Stalin's policy towards China at length.