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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

Ukrainian Motherland Monument, Kyiv

Eastern Europe

Ukraine

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Prague Spring, 1968

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Shelest, P. IU. (Petro IUkhymovych)

1908- 1996

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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Pjescak

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Soviet Foreign Policy

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Obzina, Jaromir

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922- 2004

Mitrokhin Archive

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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May 1968	Memo to V. V. Kuznetsov Regarding Proposed Clarifications to the NPT This memo to Vasily Kuznetsov, First Deputy Foreign Minister of the USSR, includes proposed amendments and clarifications to various articles and sections of the NPT. Topics of the proposed amendments include an emphasis on the continued importance of sovereignty and territorial integrity and the exchange of research and technology on peaceful uses of nuclear technology. The document also describes how to proceed in negotiations with the American side, as well as with several Warsaw Pact countries, and to telegraph once the requests in the memo have been delivered.
May 1968	CPSU CC Decree, 'On Introducing Several Revisions to the NPT Draft' This decree tasks the Soviet MFA with obtaining an agreement from fellow members of the Warsaw Pact on the USSR's suggested revisions to the NPT.
March 22, 1968	Andrei Gromyko, Note to the CPSU CC Andrei Gromyko describes the diplomatic measures he deems necessary to ensure the adherence of influential nations and countries in the Socialist sphere to the NPT. Valuing negotiation and diplomatic conversations between representatives, Gromyko especially seeks to obtain the support of countries who have previously expressed reservations about the treaty.
March 1968	Instructions to Soviet Ambassadors in Socialist States Talking points for Soviet ambassadors to Socialist states to use in conversation with Minister of Foreign Affairs. The ambassadors are told to relay the message that adherence to the NPT is beneficial for all Socialist nations and their allies.
July 27, 1968	Note, Andrei Gromyko to CPSU CC In this note to the CPSU CC, Andrei Gromyko lists the ministers of foreign affairs who will be coming to Moscow to sign the NPT. Ministers from these three Socialist nations are confirmed as guests: Czechoslovakia, GDR, and the Mongolian People's Republic.
1990	Report on the Withdrawal of Soviet Troops from Eastern Europe This report lists the quantities of troops and pieces of military equipment that were being withdrawn from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, the GDR, and Poland. It also details alternate timelines for withdrawal proposed by leadership in Central and Eastern Europe.
November 4, 1945	From the Journal of V.M. Molotov, 'The Reception of the Czechoslovak Ambassador Horak, 4 November 1945 at 2200' In a meeting with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs V. M. Molotov, Czechoslovak Ambassador to the Soviet Union Jiri Horak requests that Stalin send greetings to the International Congress of Students to be held in Prague, expresses concerns about the implications of a joint Soviet-Czechoslovak company for developing uranium, and voices his hope that the Volhynia Czechs will be permitted to resettle in Czechoslovakia.
September 20, 1968	Yu. Andropov to the CPSU CC This memorandum from KGB Chairman Andropov to the CPSU Politburo follows up on the initial report from Andropov, Shchelokov, and Malyarov. The document highlights the “malevolent views” of the group that held an unauthorized demonstration in Red Square on 25 August 1968, singling out Pavel Litvinov, Larisa Bogoraz, Viktor Fainberg, and Vadim Delaunay for particular opprobrium. Andropov stresses that the KGB will intensify its crackdown on opposition figures who try to “spread defamatory information about Soviet reality.”
September 5, 1968	Yurii Andropov, Nikolai Shchelokov, and Mikhail Malyarov to the CPSU CC This memorandum, signed by Yurii Andropov, the chairman of the Soviet Committee of State Security (KGB); Nikolai Shchelokov, the Minister of Public Order (whose ministry was renamed the Ministry of Internal Affairs in late November 1968); and Mikhail Molyarov, the Procurator of the USSR, was sent to the ruling Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) eleven days after the demonstration in Red Square against the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia. The document lays out the basic facts of the case as viewed by the KGB and the CPSU. The document mentions the names of the eight activists who were in Red Square as well as two who helped with planning but were not actually in Red Square, Inna Korkhova and Maiya Rusakovskaya. Natal’ya Gorbanevskaya, one of the eight, was detained but released because she had recently given birth. However, a year later she was arrested in connection with her involvement and sentenced to a harsh term in a psychiatric prison.
August 30, 1989	Agreement Concerning Cooperation between the CSSR Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Committee for State Security of the USSR Cooperative and intelligence sharing agreement.