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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Eastern Europe

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923- 2014

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Soviet Foreign Policy

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Katyn Massacre

Warsaw Pact

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Documents

September 17, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 17 September 1981 (excerpt) Brezhnev informs the Politburo about his conversation with Cde. Kania of Poland on 11 September, 1981. He suggests applying strong pressure to Kania to put down the uprising.
October 29, 1981	Session of the CPSU CC Politburo, 29 October 1981 (excerpt) Soviet Politburo meeting discusses removing Cde. Kania due to uprisings in Poland. It also addresses shortages of oil and supplies for export and use within the Soviet Union.
April 13, 1982	KGB Annual Report for 1981 (Excerpts) In this report Andropov describes the successes of the KGB and Cheka in subverting the infiltration of counterintelligence of NATO countries and Solidarity in the Soviet Union.
June 2007	The Baptists. Folder 2. The Chekist Anthology This folder includes information on Cheka operations against the Evangelical Christian Baptist Church, (EHB) between 1917 and 1984.
June 2007	The KGB of the Ukrainian SSR. Annual review by V.V. Fedorchuk of counter-intelligence operations in 1970. Folder 16. The Chekist Anthology. Annual review presented by V.V. Fedorchuk, chairman of the KGB in the Ukrainian SSR, summarizes the main successes, failures, and future priorities of the KGB in 1971.
June 2, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Intelligence Summary No. 2 for the period 0800 2 June to 1900 6 June 1988 This document provides background information on a hypothetical political/military scenario leading up to the command staff exercise SHICHT-88 [TARCZA-88 in Polish]. In the scenario 'Blue' military leaders have begun to oppose the policy of detente pursued by their governments and consequently have raised their level of combat readiness by increasing the frequency of military exercises and pressured 'Blue' governments into ending the destruction of intermediate-range nuclear forces as required by the 1987 Treaty on Intermediate Nuclear Forces in Europe. In response the 'Reds' have also raised their combat readiness. The increased international tension has affected the situation within Poland, contributing to increased anti-government sentiment.
November 4, 1956	Stenographic record of a 4 November 1956 meeting of Party activists Khrushchev describes the events of the counterrevolution in Hungary and the crisis in Poland. He recounts the CPSU's consultations with other communist parties in the socialist camp to determine their attitude toward Soviet intervention, particularly in Hungary. Leaders from China, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia agreed with the Soviet position, but Polish leaders opposed the presence of Soviet troops in Hungary. Khrushchev reports that following these meetings, the CPSU CC Presidium decided to prepare for an attack on the counterrevolutionary forces in Hungary. He then reads aloud an open letter which declares the Hungarian Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Government. He gives details about the suppression of the counterrevolution by Soviet armed forces and the positive reaction of the socialist countries. He states that the lessons of the counterrevolution are to improve relations with the fraternal parties and the socialist countries and to treat them with respect; to improve political work among students and the masses so that they are not mislead by counterrevolutionaries; and to strengthen the Soviet Army.
February 3, 1952	Ciphered Telegram No. 709, Filippov [Stalin] to Krasovsky, for Mao Zedong Telegram to Mao from Stalin approving of Mao's progress at the armistice talks and reminding him to have Polish and Czech included in the commission of observers.
March 1975	Task for the Operational Command Staff Exercise Soyuz-75 for the 4th Army This document outlines the politico-military situation in advance of a 17-25 March 1975 operational command staff exercise. The exercise scenario begins with a conventional offensive initiated by the 'Westerners' at 0600 on 17 March which escalated to a theater nuclear war by 19 March. This briefing document for exercise participants describes the military situation as of the morning of 19 March, including the tactical information on the geographic disposition, activities, and status of Warsaw Pact and 'Western' forces, air defense, communications, electronic warfare, and the situation in the rear. Appendices (included as a .pdf) contain detailed information on: The order of battle of the troops of the 4th Army, The availability of nuclear warheads and surface-to-air missiles [SAMs] in the 4th Army, Information about the nuclear strikes of the "Westerners," Information about the nuclear strikes by the "Easterners" on troops and objectives in the "Westerners" rear, Information about the engineer troops of the 4th Army, Information about the chemical troops of the 4th Army, Information about the signal troops of the 4th Army, Information about the rear of the 4th Army, The order of battle and the identified numbering of the formations and units of the "Westerners."
October 29, 1980	Session of the CPSU CC Politboro on 'Materials for a Friendly Working Visit to the USSR by Polish Leaders' The CPSU CC Politboro discusses the anti-socialist movement in Poland, and how the Polish leadership should deal with the crisis. The Politboro begins to form an economic solution for Poland.