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North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

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Western Europe

Italy

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Western Europe

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Giulio Andreotti (Presidente del Consiglio) at a NATO Summit in Rome, November 1991.

Andreotti, Giulio

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Italy. Ministry of Defense

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Alessandrini, Adolfo

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Western Europe

France

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Fulci, Francesco Paolo

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Western Europe

Germany

Soviet Foreign Policy

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph of President Ronald Reagan

Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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July 9, 1963	Report by Ambassador Quaroni to Minister of Foreign Affairs Piccioni, 'General De Martino's candidacy and Standing Group' Italian Ambassador to London, Quaroni, analyzes the internal situation of NATO, and Italy's standing that he considers very weak. He describes the situation as "total Cold War" between US and France, where Kennedy and De Gaulle have different visions for the future.
June 28, 1963	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini to Minister of Foreign Affairs Piccioni In this report to Foreign Minister Piccioni, Alessandrini addresses the key problems with NATO, focusing on the lack of internal cohesion . He names the German problem as the most important issue of the alliance, but touches also on De Gaulle's politics and European integration.
January 3, 1963	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini to Minister of Defense Andreotti This report addresses the failure of NATO to meet the agreed-upon threshold for conventional weapons buildup.
1963	Report, 'Point 2. NATO situation' Discussion of the relative roles of the United States, Great Britain, Germany and France in NATO and a proposal to revise the role of NATO as the threat of a Soviet attack increases.
December 4, 1962	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini to Minister of Defense Andreotti Italy's permanent representative to NATO Alessandrini writes to PM Andreotti in preparation for the upcoming Paris summit. He shares general remarks about the state of the alliance and current issues in international relations focusing on the German question, Cuba, and Sino-Soviet relations.
May 19, 1962	Memorandum by Chief of Defense Staff Aldo Ross to Minister of Defense Andreotti Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of accepting the terms of nuclear warfare proposed at a NATO meeting in Athens. Whether or not to respond to a Soviet nuclear attack with an atomic weapon of equal strength was debated at the meeting, as well as the role that conventional weapons would play in such a conflict.
September 20, 1962	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini, 'Emergency plans for Berlin' Report on NATO’s emergency plan to protect Berlin if the Soviets try to blockade the city. The plan consists of three parts: diplomatic negotiations, limited military action, and large-scale military action. Alessandrini outlines the conditions in which each phase would be implemented if Berlin finds itself under Soviet attack.
October 17, 1961	Report by Chief of Defense Staff Aldo Rossi, 'The military situation of the armed forces of the Soviet bloc and of its alleged allies and those of NATO countries and their allies' A report on the discussions which occurred at a meeting of the Atlantic Council, during which the relative military powers of the Soviet Block and Western Block were compared. The different positions and threats posed to various NATO nations were also discussed. Finally, the report laid out plans for nuclear, submarine, and aerial weapons development to ensure that the Soviet Block’s military power never exceeds that of the Western block.
December 18, 1961	Message by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate General for Political Affairs and Security (DGAP), 'Alessandrini's (RICA) report to MAE Segni' Report on the growing threat of a Soviet blockade of Berlin, the focal point also of a meeting of the Atlantic Council in Paris in December, 1961.
May 1, 1961	Note, 'US strategic orientations; consequences on NATO strategy' The document presents the argument that nuclear weapons can and should be employed even in cases where they are not absolutely necessary because the cost of developing and maintaining conventional weapons is too high. Therefore, NATO should consider raising its ‘nuclear threshold’ to allow more atomic weapons to be developed in Europe and in the United States.