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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Chinese troops cross the Yalu River, 1950, to fight in the Korean War.

China and the Korean War

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Roshchin, Nikolai V.

-

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

1883- 1954

Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

Liu, Shaoqi

1898- 1969

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June 1966	Memorandum of Conversation, between the Delegation of the People’s Republic of China, Led by Comrade Zhou Enlai, and the Leadership of the Party and Government of the People’s Republic of Albania [Excerpts] Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai meets with a delegation from Albania, and discusses with them Mao Zedong's 'Ten Theses on the Work in the Village.' The Albanians reaffirm their belief in the philosophical teachings of Mao, especially about opposing the dangers of revisionism. The group agrees that there were points at which Stalin was wrong, but that it would be wrong to publicly proclaim it.
January 15, 1963	Record of Conversation between Soviet Ambassador to China Stepan V. Chervonenko and the Mongolian Ambassador to China Dondogiin Tsevegmid An account of conversation between the head Mongolian delegate to China, Tsedenbal, and Chinese Premier, Enlai, which was relayed by Mongolian ambassador, Tsevegmid, to USSR ambassador, Chervonenko. Tsedenbal and Enlai discuss China's sending workers to Mongolia, and the sending of goods from Mongolia to China. Additionally, the two argue about which country is following the proper ideological line, and about what propaganda materials are being printed in Mongolia.
January 24, 1957	Report, 'My Observations on the Soviet Union,' Zhou Enlai to Mao Zedong and the Central Leadership (Excerpt) Zhou Enlai comments on the weaknesses of the Soviet Communist Leadership in terms of problem-solving strategies and tactics, international relations, and general effectiveness of the Party leaders.
October 5, 1958	Meeting Minutes, Zhou Enlai’s Conversation with S.F. Antonov on the Taiwan Issue (excerpt) Speaking with Soviet Charge d'Affaires Antonov, Zhou Enlai analyzes the American response to the Chinese bombing of Jinmen Island.
July 22, 1958	Minutes of Conversation, Mao Zedong and Ambassador Yudin Mao Zedong held this conversation with Yudin in the context of the emerging dispute between Beijing and Moscow on establishing a Chinese-Soviet joint submarine flotilla.
September 11, 1969	Information about A.N. Kosygin’s Conversation With Zhou Enlai on 11 September 1969 A.N. Kosygin met with Zhou Enlai, Li Xiannian, and Xie Fuzhi in an effort to improve strained relations between the Soviet Union and China. The main focus was the on-going Sino-Soviet border dispute. Kosygin also proposed the expansion of trade relations and economic cooperation as well as the normalizing of railroad and aviation connections. Significantly, the Soviet premier also acquiesced when Zhou declared that Beijing would not curtail its political and ideological criticism of the Soviet Union.
November 12, 1963	Memorandum of Conversation, Chinese Officials and the Hungarian Ambassador to China Martin, the Hungarian ambassador to China, is involved with several conversations with Chinese officials before returning to Hungary, and the three highlighted conversations are with Zhu De, Chen Yi, and Zhou Enlai. Among other international issues, Zhu De discusses imperial attempts to restore capitalism in socialist countries and references “revisionism” in Hungary, to which Martin responds defensively. Chen Yi discusses Chinese industrial and economic development. Zhou Enlai discusses recent Chinese struggles, and interprets Martin’s reaction as distrust.
October 14, 1956	Notes of an Interview with Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai describes China's desire to gain international recognition. However, the question of Taiwan as one out of "Two Chinas" makes it difficult to agree internationally, since Great Britain and the United States recognize Taiwan and not PR China as the legitimate Chinese government. Hong Kong and the US endeavor to gain control of Chiang Kai-Shek's Taiwan are also discussed.
May 16, 1969	Note Number 399 from Pierre Cerles to Michel Debré, 'China and Eastern Europe' Pierre Cerles provides an assessment of Chinese foreign policy toward Eastern Europe during the 1960s within the context of the Sino-Soviet split, the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Cultural Revolution, and China's own internal leadership divisions.
September 3, 1968	Note Number 291 from the Department of Asia-Oceania, 'China and the Events in Czechoslovakia' The Department of Asia-Oceania analyzes shifts in Chinese foreign policy toward Eastern Europe following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and connects the apparent changes in Beijing's diplomacy to the Sino-Soviet split and the Vietnam War.