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Eastern Europe

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Warsaw Pact

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

East German Uprising

German Reunification

President Dwight D. Eisenhower

Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David)

1890- 1969

Photograph of Gamal Abdel Nasser

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918- 1970

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June 19, 1953	National Security Council Report, NSC 158, 'United States Objectives and Actions to Exploit the Unrest in the Satellite States' Recommendations adopted by the National Security Council at the suggestion of the Psychological Strategy Board on covert actions to be undertaken in the Soviet Satellite States. Authorized by the National Security Council, NSC 158 envisaged aggressive psychological warfare to exploit and heighten the unrest behind the Iron Curtain. The policy was endorsed by President Eisenhower on June 26, 1953.
March 31, 1984	KGB Report on New Elements in US Policy toward the European Socialist Countries Information from the KGB shared with the Stasi about a high-level review of US policy by the Department of State. Presidential Directive [NS-NSDD] 54 from [September] 1982 made the main US objective to subvert Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
February 8, 1969	Military Exercise Specific Plan for the Coordination of the Air Defense Forces of the Polish People's Republic and the Northern Group of Forces This document sets out plans to coordinate the air defense forces of the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany and Czechoslovakia. Coordination primarily includes, for example, the mutual exchange of information regarding detection, tracking, and actions of enemy targets.
September 3, 1985	Military Exercise Druzhba-85 Plan to conduct a one-sided, multi-stage combined-arms army exercise codenamed "Druzhba-85" This document introduces the trilateral military exercise known as Druzhba-85. Involving troops from the Soviet Union, East Germany, and Poland, the September 1985 exercise was implemented with the goal of improving commands and staffs in joint offensive operations; identifying more effective methods of military organization; coordinating allied commands and staffs; and deepening international political ties via military coalition. The exercise is premised on a hypothetical scenario in which NATO forces exacerbate East-West tensions and launch an offensive against the Warsaw Pact countries. The document provides additional detail on the operational procedure of the exercise.
May 25, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Operational Summary No. 1 for the period 0800 25 May to 0800 2 June 1988 This document describes Warsaw Pact military exercises conducted between 25 May and 2 June 1988. Summarized in detail, the comprehensive exercise brought all facets of the combined forces to "wartime strength" in response to a theoretical threat posed by NATO.
October 20, 1970	Attitudes and Measures of the Warsaw Treaty States for Convening a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1970-1971 An analysis of the Warsaw Pact states' interests and goals in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe negotiations, including discussion of the military, territorial, economic, cultural, and scientific-technical aspects of the negotiations.
September 25, 1971	Factor Analysis Concerning the State of Preparation for a European Security Conference A description and analysis of the United States' position on the European Security Conference as perceived by the GDR Ministry of Foreign Affairs
October 18, 1972	About Some Current Questions Concerning the Multilateral Preparations for the European Security Conference An update on the progress of the pre-CSCE agenda negotiations
July 23, 1973	Report for Minister Winzer's Office: The Course and the Results of the first phase of the European Security Conference, 23 July 1973 An East German analysis of the first phase of the CSCE conference.
June 24, 1957	Minutes of the Meeting of the CPSU CC Plenum on the State of Soviet Foreign Policy The Soviet leadership discusses the state of Soviet foreign policy after the Hungarian crisis and Khrushchev’s visit to the US. Molotov criticizes Khrushchev for recklessness in foreign policy direction. Soviet inroads in the Middle East and the Third World are analyzed. The effects of the crises in Eastern Europe are placed in the context of the struggle against US imperialism.