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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Walesa, Lech

1943-

Warsaw Pact

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Economic Cold War

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Documents

February 16, 1970	Memorandum for President Nixon from Kissinger, "Brandt's Eastern Policy" A memorandum for President Nixon from National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger summarizing West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's "Ostpolitik" or Eastern Policy, which sought to normalize relations between West Germany and the communist countries.
February 11, 1945	Yalta Conference Agreement, Declaration of a Liberated Europe The text of the agreements reached at the Yalta (Crimea) Conference between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin.
March 31, 1984	KGB Report on New Elements in US Policy toward the European Socialist Countries Information from the KGB shared with the Stasi about a high-level review of US policy by the Department of State. Presidential Directive [NS-NSDD] 54 from [September] 1982 made the main US objective to subvert Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
August 20, 1957	Radio Free Europe Broadcasting Policy for Poland Policy guidelines for Radio Free Europe broadcasts to Poland as approved by the Committee on Radio Broadcasting Policy.
August 7, 1956	Agreed Policy Governing Radio Free Europe Operations CIA and Free Europe Committee (FEC) restate policy for Radio Free Europe in the context of the 1956 upheaval in the Communist world.
February 8, 1969	Military Exercise Specific Plan for the Coordination of the Air Defense Forces of the Polish People's Republic and the Northern Group of Forces This document sets out plans to coordinate the air defense forces of the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany and Czechoslovakia. Coordination primarily includes, for example, the mutual exchange of information regarding detection, tracking, and actions of enemy targets.
September 3, 1985	Military Exercise Druzhba-85 Plan to conduct a one-sided, multi-stage combined-arms army exercise codenamed "Druzhba-85" This document introduces the trilateral military exercise known as Druzhba-85. Involving troops from the Soviet Union, East Germany, and Poland, the September 1985 exercise was implemented with the goal of improving commands and staffs in joint offensive operations; identifying more effective methods of military organization; coordinating allied commands and staffs; and deepening international political ties via military coalition. The exercise is premised on a hypothetical scenario in which NATO forces exacerbate East-West tensions and launch an offensive against the Warsaw Pact countries. The document provides additional detail on the operational procedure of the exercise.
July 22, 1954	US Government Policy for Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty An annex to the Operations Coordinating Board (OCB) “169 Study” on U.S. international communications reviews the goals and effectiveness of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty.
May 25, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Operational Summary No. 1 for the period 0800 25 May to 0800 2 June 1988 This document describes Warsaw Pact military exercises conducted between 25 May and 2 June 1988. Summarized in detail, the comprehensive exercise brought all facets of the combined forces to "wartime strength" in response to a theoretical threat posed by NATO.
April 5, 1990	CPSU CC Protocol #184/38, 05 April 1990 This document concerns the meeting of the Politburo on the international division of the CPSU CC.