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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Western Europe

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Warsaw Pact Military Planning

Warsaw Pact

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

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American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB)

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Documents

December 2, 1957	Letter, Howland H. Sargeant to Eugene Lyons AMCOMLIB President Sargeant informs founding AMCOMLIB president Eugene Lyons of steps he has taken to monitor and insure the quality of RL broadcasts.
July 26, 1957	Radio Liberation Weekly Reports on Program Content, October 1956-July 1957 Radio Liberation broadcast guidelines and content summaries for October 22-November 11, 1956 and January 28-February 3 and July 22-26, 1957.
September 5, 1956	Memorandum to the President [Howland Sargeant] A Radio Liberation official reports to AMCOMLIB President Sargeant on the Munich Radio Conference of RL, RFE, VOA, USIA, and State Department officials on U.S. international broadcasting
June 29, 1956	Radio Liberation Programming Staff Comment on the Report “An Estimate of the Effectiveness of Radio Liberation” William Schramm, 1 September 1955 [redacted] with attachments Radio Liberation Policy Manual and Listener Testimony Omitted Radio Liberation program staff comments on the Schramm report with reference to the RL policy manual and other listener testimony.
1955	The Chronological Development of the American Committee as a Propaganda Instrument in Political Warfare This unsigned AMCOMLIB memorandum traces through March 1955 the startup of AMCOMLIB publishing and radio operations and the evolving r ole envisaged for the Soviet emigration.
January 21, 1953	Airgram No. 68 from Swift to Admiral Stevens, AMCOMLIB, with attachment 'Joint Agreement on Principles Governing Programs Broadcast by Radio Liberation' AMCOMLIB official Swift provides Chairman Stevens with a draft of Radio Liberty program guidelines agreed between his office and the émigré Coordinating Center for the Anti-Bolshevik Struggle
February 27, 1951	[Memorandum] Russian-Language Broadcasts by Fund to Soviet Personnel in Eastern European Satellite Countries A Free Europe Committee memorandum discusses possible Russian-language broadcasts to Soviet military forces in Eastern Europe. Includes attachment titled "Specific Proposals for Fund Russian Language Broadcasts to Soviet Personnel in Eastern European Satellite Countries".
May 1967	Directive [from Mao Zedong] Regarding the State of International [Affairs] Mao argues that Europe remains the strategic center of US-Soviet conflict.
July 1995	Memorandum for the President [William J. Clinton] from Anthony Lake, 'European Attitudes toward NATO Enlargement' Anthony Lake reviews the various policy positions of European countries toward NATO and EU enlargement. Although careful to note the different views held by states such as Germany and the UK, Lake concludes that "our European allies support NATO enlargement."
September 10, 1994	Cable, U.S. Embassy Office Berlin to the Secretary of State, 'Chancellor Kohl: NATO and EU Enlargement: The Future of Europe' Richard Holbrooke recounts a final meeting with with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl prior to leaving Germany. Kohl asked the Clinton Administration "to increase its involvement in the ongoing effort to chart the future of Europe," and called for the expansion of NATO and the EU.