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Middle East

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South Asia

Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Amīn, Ḥafīẓ Allāh

1929- 1979

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Afghanistan

Kabul

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Simonov, K.

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Reform and Opening in China, 1978-

Mitrokhin Archive

Non-Aligned Movement

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Documents

December 26, 1988	Letter from Ahmad Shah Masoud to the Soviet Chief Military Adviser This document is a letter from Ahmad Shah Masoud his attitude toward the Soviet's military involvement in Afghanistan.
1980	Soviet briefing on the correspondence between Tito and Brezhnev This document reveals correspondence between Brezhnev and Tito. Tito expresses his worries about international politics relating to NATO's decision regarding long/medium range missiles, and advocates for Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan. Brezhnev emphasizes the ideological and pragmatic importance of Soviet involvement in the Middle East, and discusses the role of NATO in Europe.
January 8, 1974	DECREE of the Secretariat of the CC CPSU - An Appeal to the Leaders of the PDPA Groups 'Parcham' and 'Khalq' This document illustrates Moscow's fear regarding the instability and infighting among Afghan political parties, and its corresponding consequences for Soviet involvement in the Middle East.
January 7, 1980	Memorandum on the discussion with the Afghan side concerning the building of a radio broadcast station Confirming the decision to build a medium-wave broadcasting station, this CC CPSU includes information about station's construction site, its time frame for being built, and the economic credits which will be used to finance the project.
February 19, 1980	Assisting the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in Strengthening the Mass Media A plan to build a pro-Soviet, anti-counterevolutionary media campagin, in Afghanistan. The plan includes an intenship program for the "Bakhtar" Afghan News Agency in Moscow.
September 9, 1980	Measures Against a Discussion of a Draft Resolution Containing Points of an Anti-Soviet and Anti-Afghan Orientation at the 67th Conference of the Interparliamentary Union This CC CPSU document discusses the anti-Soviet and anti-Afghan movements that interfered with the establishment of an Afghani parliament.
February 17, 1989	Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the Current Situation in Afghanistan A report on the political-line of the USSR, attributing perestroika to the removal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The document offers support for solving intra-Afghan conflicts.
1999	USSR Ministry of Defense and General Staff Operations Groups in Afghanistan A status report from the USSR Ministry of Defense and General Staff Operations Group, providing a summary of Soviet troops levels in Afghanistan.
December 24, 1979	Directive Nº 312/12/001 of 24 December 1979 signed by Ustinov and Ogarkov Directive signed by Ustinov and Ogarkov approving a contingent of Soviet military forces to stabilize the intra-party disagreements.
June 28, 1979	Draft instructions to the Soviet Ambassador in Kabul with Appeal of the CC CPSU Politburo to the CC PDPA Politburo Members of the CC CPSU summarize the political instability in Afghanistan, pointing to collective leadership in government and to the military as stabilizing the political situation.