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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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South Asia

Pakistan

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Ustinov, Dimitri F.

-

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Amīn, Ḥafīẓ Allāh

1929- 1979

Sino-Soviet Relations

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Soviet Foreign Policy

Pakistani Nuclear History

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May 21, 1982	Memorandum of Conversations between SED General Secretary Erich Honecker and Afghan Leader Babrak Karmal Honecker and Karmal discuss East German support for Afghanistan, as well as threats against Afghanistan, especially from West German and Pakistan.
May 19, 1982	Memorandum of Conversations between SED General Secretary Erich Honecker and Afghan Leader Babrak Karmal Karmal describes threats against the Soviet-backed Afghan government from Pakistan, Iran, the US, China, and Egypt.
May 12, 1982	CPSU Memorandum, 'The Position of the PRC on Afghanistan' Report describing China's subversive actions against the Soviet occupation in Afghanistan.
October 23, 1980	Memorandum of Conversations between Socialist Unity Party of German General Secretary Erich Honecker and Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Member of the Politburo of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Honecker and Keshtmand discuss the current situation in Afghanistan after the coup and Soviet invasion. Honecker compares it to East Germany's tenuous international position after 1945.
January 10, 1980	Telegram from GDR Embassy in Moscow to Socialist Unity Party (SED) Central Committee Secretary Hermann Axen et al. Based on conversations with the Soviet Foreign Ministry, the situation in Afghanistan is stabilizing.
September 17, 1979	Telegram from East German Embassy in Kabul to Socialist Unity Party (SED) General Secretary Erich Honecker, 17 September 1979 Report on the situation in Kabul following the overthrow of Nur Muhammad Taraki in a coup.
August 23, 1990	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan Najibullah Gorbachev and Najibullah discuss the instability in the Soviet Union following perestroika reforms, and the comparatively quiet situation in Afghanistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops.
June 13, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the CC PDPA Najibullah Gorbachev and Najibullah discuss perestroika and the reforms taking place in the Soviet Union, and the ongoing withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.
April 7, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the CC PDPA Najibullah, Tashkent Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss the situation in Afghanistan, the politics of the new government, plans for the withdrawal of Soviet troops, and the Geneva Accords signed in 1988 to facilitate it.
March 29, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with the General Secretary of the Italian Communist Party [PCI] Alessandro Natta Gorbachev explains to Natta about issues with the Soviet withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan, including disagreements with the United States on the plans for the coalition government.