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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Romania

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Warsaw Pact

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Soviet Foreign Policy

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March 12, 1958	Report from Gen. M. Spasov on Multilateral Security Meeting in Bucharest A report by the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Mircho Spasov, on the Ministerial Meeting in Bucharest of delegations from Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union. The meeting called for focusing on preventing subversive acts of Western intelligence, improving exchange of information, and conducting joint operations.
November 26, 1968	Note on the events at the Seminar of Red Cross Journals from Socialist Countries, held in Prague, 19-22 Nov. 1968. Cover note from Anton Moisescu, President of the Romanian Red Cross, to Nicolae Ceausescu, Secretary General, CC RCP. Note about the experiences of N. Palade, Chief Editor of the Romanian Red Cross journal "Sanatatea" at the Socialist bloc seminar of Red Cross journals. The information note discusses Czechoslovak reactions to the Soviet-led invasion and occupation of Czechoslovakia and especially of Prague. Palade describes his reception by the Czechoslovak officials and the current attitude of the Czechoslovak population vis-à-vis the Soviet Union and the other East Bloc countries, describing the pessimism that seized the population after the August 1968 invasion.
February 1989	Memorandum to Alexander Yakovlev from the Bogomolov Commission (Marina Sylvanskaya) Memorandum to Alexander Yakovlev from the Bogomolov Commission (Marina Sylvanskaya) describing the changes in individual Eastern European countries and their impact on the Soviet Union
November 4, 1956	Stenographic record of a 4 November 1956 meeting of Party activists Khrushchev describes the events of the counterrevolution in Hungary and the crisis in Poland. He recounts the CPSU's consultations with other communist parties in the socialist camp to determine their attitude toward Soviet intervention, particularly in Hungary. Leaders from China, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia agreed with the Soviet position, but Polish leaders opposed the presence of Soviet troops in Hungary. Khrushchev reports that following these meetings, the CPSU CC Presidium decided to prepare for an attack on the counterrevolutionary forces in Hungary. He then reads aloud an open letter which declares the Hungarian Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Government. He gives details about the suppression of the counterrevolution by Soviet armed forces and the positive reaction of the socialist countries. He states that the lessons of the counterrevolution are to improve relations with the fraternal parties and the socialist countries and to treat them with respect; to improve political work among students and the masses so that they are not mislead by counterrevolutionaries; and to strengthen the Soviet Army.
June 11, 1975	Todor Zhivkov’s Consultations with Soviet Experts on Relations with Romania Prior to his visit to Bucharest, Todor Zhivkov meets Soviet representatives in Sofia in an attempt to co-ordinate Bulgarian policy toward Romania with the Soviet government. They discuss Soviet-Romanian relations, role of Romania in the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Romania in the Warsaw Pact and COMECON, Romania and the Non-Aligned Movement, Sino-Soviet relations, etc.