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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Chinese troops cross the Yalu River, 1950, to fight in the Korean War.

China and the Korean War

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Gyeongbokgung

East Asia

South Korea

Photograph of Korean War armistice signing

Korean War Armistice

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Roshchin, Nikolai V.

-

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Portrait of Peng Dehuai

Peng, Dehuai

1898- 1974

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Documents

March 4, 1980	CPSU CC Directive to Soviet Ambassadors in Communist Countries, Instructions 'About the China Question' Instructions to Soviet ambassadors on dealing with China's outreach to socialist countries in the eastern bloc, outlining a series of steps for Soviet ambassadors to follow which would foster skepticism about China’s intentions and thwart efforts by Chinese representatives to make wide-ranging contacts in these states. The directive notes China’s hostility to Vietnam, Cuba, Laos, and Mongolia and contrasts this with its development of extensive relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea.
January 7, 1964	Memorandum of a Conversation with the USSR Ambassador, c. V. P. Moskovskyi Soviet Ambassador Moskovsky talks with the Cuban Ambassador to Pyongyang about the foreign policies of North Korea and, in particular, North Korea's position in the Sino-Soviet split.
December 29, 1969	Note on Exchanges of Opinions by the Ambassadors and Acting Ambassadors of Hungary, the GDR, Czechoslovakia, the USSR, Bulgaria, Poland, and Mongolia on the Subject of 'The PRC Position vis-a-vis the Socialist Countries' on 21 November and 3 December Ambassadors of Hungary, GDR, Czechoslovakia, the USSR, Bulgaria, Poland, and Mongolia discuss the development of socialism and Maoism in the PRC in relation to other countries in the socialist camp.
May 13, 1950	Ciphered Telegram, Roshchin to Cde. Filippov [Stalin] The telegram relays a request from Mao, conveyed via Chinese Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai, seeking Stalin’s “personal clarifications” of his stand on a potential North Korean action to reunify the country. Mao sought the information after hearing a report from Kim, who had arrived that day in the Chinese capital for a secret two-day visit and clearly claimed that he had received Stalin’s blessing.
May 14, 1950	Ciphered Telegram No. 8600, Vyshinsky to Mao Zedong The cable contains Stalin’s personal response to Mao's 13 May telegram. Using the code-name “Filippov,” Stalin confirms his agreement with the North Korean proposal to “move toward reunification,” contingent on Beijing’s agreement.
July 22, 1950	Ciphered Telegram No. 22591 from Roschin to Filippov [Stalin] Mao Zedong informs Stalin of China's military and strategic maneuvers in summer 1950 as a result of the Korean War.
October 26, 1949	Draft Reply to Mao Zedong's Telegram from Stalin via Molotov Stalin agrees with Mao Zedong that North Korea is not yet ready to launch an assault, and reports that the Soviet Union has told North Korea to concentrate on developing liberated areas and guerrillas in South Korea.
March 10, 1980	Evaluation of Chinese Policies toward Eastern Europe by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union This document addresses China's alleged bid to undermine the unity of the Socialist countries while maintaining special relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea. Chinese foreign policy is seen as interfering in the domestic affairs of the Socialist states. By maintaining contacts with Western countries and by encouraging further armament of NATO, China is undermining the position of the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet evaluation assesses China as an unreliable partner in international relations and advises that all contacts of the Chinese government with foreign organizations or authorities be closely monitored.
October 14, 1950	Letter from Zhou Enlai to Stalin Zhou Enlai requests military equipment and support for Chinese operations from the Soviet side, and asks for instructions on solving the issue of command relationships between the North Korean, Chinese, and Soviet forces.
July 11, 1950	Telegram from the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee to Gao Gang Due to the Korean situation, the Soviet government requests the use of air and railway transport through China, to which the Chinese side agrees.