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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Erich Honecker, 1976.

Honecker, Erich Ernst Paul

1912- 1994

Interkit, 1966-1987

Reform and Opening in China, 1978-

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Germany (East). Ministry for State Security (Stasi)

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Photograph of Ziyang Zhao in 1985.

Zhao, Ziyang

1919- 2005

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Documents

July 11, 1981	Stasi Note on Meeting Between Minister Mielke and KGB Chairman Andropov KGB Chairman Andropov and East German Minister for State Security Mielke meet to discuss ongoing Stasi/KGB cooperation and international affairs. Topics of conversation include the Ronald Reagan administration, the Polish Solidarity Crisis,
December 2, 1964	Stasi Report on Meetings with the KGB, 30 November-1 December 1964 Meetings between KGB Chairman Semichastny and East German Minister for State Security Mielke. Topics of discussion include Lyndon B. Johnson's recent election in the United States, Khrushchev's ouster from the Kremlin, Sino-Soviet relation, and Khrushchev's son-in-law Alexei Adzhubei.
December 15, 1977	The Official Visit of the GDR Party and State Delegation led by Erich Honecker to the DPRK The Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang reports to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the official visit of the GDR party and state delegation led by Erich Honecker to the DPRK. A recurring theme is the DPRK's commitment to the solidarity of the international Communist movement, and its reluctance to discuss international issues. The DPRK emphasizes bilateral relations, good relationships with both the Soviet Union and the PRC, and agrees to develop economic cooperation with the GDR.
March 10, 1980	Evaluation of Chinese Policies toward Eastern Europe by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union This document addresses China's alleged bid to undermine the unity of the Socialist countries while maintaining special relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea. Chinese foreign policy is seen as interfering in the domestic affairs of the Socialist states. By maintaining contacts with Western countries and by encouraging further armament of NATO, China is undermining the position of the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet evaluation assesses China as an unreliable partner in international relations and advises that all contacts of the Chinese government with foreign organizations or authorities be closely monitored.
1974	Analysis of the Romanian Attitude toward Maoism This document offers an East German assessment of Romania's attitude towards China. It emphasizes that the Romanian Communist Party approves of the Chinese Maoist line and agrees with Beijing's domestic and foreign policies. Romania's foreign policy is said to attribute the same importance to relations with China as to relations with the Soviet Union. It also notes that the Romanian government has given more publicity to the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and West Germany than it did to similar moves between East Germany and India. The authors identify an anti-Soviet bias in the Romanian position, which the authors believe undermines the unity of the Socialist countries.
December 18, 1973	Memorandum of Conversation Between the Head of the Far Eastern Department in the East German Foreign Ministry Liebermann and Chinese Ambassador Peng Guangwei on China's Intention to Establish Diplomatic Presence in West Berlin This memorandum of conversation between the Head of the Far East Department in the East German Foreign Ministry Liebermann and Chinese Ambassador Peng Guangwei refers to China's intention to establish diplomatic relations with West Berlin. The East German side stresses the fact that countries such as Hungary and Bulgaria also established diplomatic relations with West Berlin taking into considerations the conditions posed by the international law and that China should do the same.
December 3, 1973	Memorandum about a Discussion between Comrade Rodin, 1st Secretary of the Soviet Embassy, with the Head of the West Berlin Press Office, Dr. Struve This is a memorandum of a conversation between the first secretary of the Soviet embassy in East Berlin, Rodin, and the director of the West Berlin Press Office, Günter Struve, with regard to China's intention to establish a trade representation in West Berlin. Apart from stressing that by initiating diplomatic relations with West Berlin, China is not implicitly acknowledging the existing international agreements, Rodin makes clear that East Germany will not rescind the rules on obligatory currency exchange for citizens of Western states.
August 2, 1973	Memorandum regarding a Discussion by Comrade Karl, Head of the China Section, with First Secretary of the Embassy of the PRC Qi Huaiyuan On October 2, 1973 This is a memorandum on a conversation reflecting the differences of opinion between the head of the China Desk in the East German Foreign Ministry and the First Secretary of the Chinese Embassy Qi Huaiyuan with regard to the intended establishment of a Chinese trade representation in West Berlin. East Berlin is clearly concerned such a step might favor West Germany's alleged goal of winning sovereignty over West Berlin, in violation of the Four Power Agreement. Qi states that he does not understand the East German position, and that the activities of Chinese diplomats in West Berlin are in accordance with international law. He rejects the notion that these relations might conceivably harm the interests of East Germany.
July 18, 1973	Letter, Oskar Fischer to Cde. Hermann Axen, 'Text of a Statement to be Presented Verbally to the Council of the Embassy of the PR China to the GDR' Documents related to East Germany's protest against the intended establishment of a Chinese trade representation in West Berlin. The East German Ministry of Foreign Affairs stresses that West Berlin cannot be regarded as part of West Germany. Therefore, by initiating diplomatic relations with West Berlin without considering the existence of the internationally acknowledged Four Power Agreement on Berlin between the US, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, China is deliberately acting against the interests of East Germany.
December 18, 1972	Analysis of Romanian-Chinese Relations by the East German Embassy in Bucharest This analysis examines the intensification of Romanian-Chinese relations after 1971. The document explains why relations between Romania and China can pose problems. It discusses similarities between China's and Romania's domestic and foreign policies and relates these similarities to the nationalist course of the Romanian Communist Party. Romania supposedly sees a role for China within the UN as a counterbalance to the Soviet Union. The author disagrees with the Romanian position regarding German reunification and a European conference on security and cooperation.