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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sino-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Chinese revolutionary ballet

China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

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Walesa, Lech

1943-

Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Soviet Foreign Policy

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March 11, 1963	Secret Telegram from Maneli (Hanoi) to Spasowski-Morski (Warsaw) [Ciphergram No. 3175] Cable from Polish Ambassador in Hanoi Maneli to Warsaw, describing a conversation he had with Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Van Dong and Soviet Ambassador Tovmassian. They discuss the idea of neutralization in Vietnam, and the possibility of the United States pulling forces out. Tovmassian adds that the PRC pressured the DRV to start incidents in the demilitarized zone.
January 21, 1963	Secret Telegram from Rapacki (New Delhi) to Naszkowski (Warsaw) [Ciphergram No. 915] Memorandum of conversation between Adam Rapacki and Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru discusses difficulties between India and China, and aid received from the United States and Great Britain.
January 11, 1971	Report, Polish Embassy in Bucharest, 'Romania After the Agreements on Friendship with the Soviet Union, Poland and Bulgaria' The Polish Embassy in Romania reports on trends in Romanian foreign relations. There are signs of rapprochement with the other socialist countries in the Warsaw Pact after Romania reversed course to join Comecon. Yet Ceaușescu continued to court China and the United States as well.
February 11, 1945	Yalta Conference Agreement, Declaration of a Liberated Europe The text of the agreements reached at the Yalta (Crimea) Conference between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin.
June 20, 1963	Information About the Policy of the Korean Workers Party from the East German Embassy Criticisms of the DPRK are made about Kim Il Sung's personality cult, concealment of socialist countries' support, waning cooperation with socialist countries, intensification of China-North Korea cooperation, and distancing from the Soviet Union.
June 24, 1957	Minutes of the Meeting of the CPSU CC Plenum on the State of Soviet Foreign Policy The Soviet leadership discusses the state of Soviet foreign policy after the Hungarian crisis and Khrushchev’s visit to the US. Molotov criticizes Khrushchev for recklessness in foreign policy direction. Soviet inroads in the Middle East and the Third World are analyzed. The effects of the crises in Eastern Europe are placed in the context of the struggle against US imperialism.
November 22, 1978	Meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Treaty Member Countries Meeting minutes taken by Romanian Ambassador Vasile Sandru at sessions of the Warsaw Treaty Political Consultative Committee, taking place in Moscow on 22-23 November 1978. Session I contains a speech by Leonid Brezhnev in which he discusses détente, Warsaw Pact economic cooperation, disarmament, national liberation movements, and relations with China, the Western countries, and Japan. In Session II and III political leaders of the other Warsaw member countries respond to Brezhnev’s speech. Session IV features a report by Commander-in-Chief Viktor Kulikov on the United Armed Forces. He recommends an increase in military expenditures. All of the leaders agree, except for Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania.
1966	Note on Certain Characteristics of Western Trade Developments for 1966 (undated) Report on the main aspects of international trade for the year 1966. The report covers issues such as developing countries’ growth in exports, the trade balances of various Western countries, East-West trade, and trends for 1967.
January 20, 1965	Minutes of the Meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact Member States, Warsaw (Excerpts) Minutes of discussions of the Warsaw Pact Political Consultative Committee concerning non-proliferation. The Romanian delegation argues against a joint declaration of the Warsaw Pact on non-proliferation for fear that it might be used against China. The other delegations argue that a joint declaration is necessary in order to prevent the creation of the Multilaterall Nuclear Force proposed by NATO.
March 3, 1969	Polish-Soviet Talks in Moscow Gomulka and Brezhnev discuss Sino-Soviet border skirmishes. Brezhnev claims the Chinese are preparing for their Congress and trying to "cement the moods of enmity toward the USSR." They also discuss the possibility of improved Sino-American ties.