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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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North America

United States

Sino-American Confrontation, 1949-1971

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Taiwan Strait Crises

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Conversations with Mao Zedong

Representatives from Taiwan at the United Nations, September 1971

Taiwan's International Status

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang, Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

1887- 1975

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Western Europe

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Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

Liu, Shaoqi

1898- 1969

PRC Vice Premier Chen Yi

Chen, Yi

1901- 1972

Portrait of John Foster Dulles

Dulles, John Foster

1888- 1959

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September 10, 1958	Telegram, Mao Zedong to Ho Chi Minh Mao informs Ho Chi Minh that he should not be concerned by the Chinese bombardment of Jinmen Island, as "the Americans are afraid of fighting a war."
September 8, 1958	Speech, Mao Zedong at the Fifteenth Meeting of the Supreme State Council (excerpt) Mao speaks about the strategy behind the bombardment of nationalist-controlled Jinmen Island in the Taiwan Strait, stating that Taiwan is a "is a steel noose and it ties America’s neck."
September 5, 1958	Speech, Mao Zedong at the Fifteenth Meeting of the Supreme State Council (excerpt) Mao Zedong speaks about American foreign policy and the tense international situation following the Chinese decision to begin shelling Jinmen Island in the Taiwan Strait.
October 2, 1958	Memorandum of Conversation of Mao Zedong with Six Delegates of the Socialist Countries, China, 2 October 1958 To the other delegates, Mao discusses their shared goal of defeating imperialism, primarily through peaceful methods. He stresses widespread Marxist reeducation of the Chinese people and increased Chinese industrial and agricultural production as means for improvement. Mao also reminds them that socialist nations must be firmly united under the leadership of the Soviet Union to fight colonialism and imperialism, and while the communes are necessary to organize locally, the party remains the core administrative unite of communized peoples.
June 13, 1957	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Premier Zhou’s Conversation with Ambassador Nehru' Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Ambassador Ratan Kumar Nehru exchanged views on Taiwan Incident and situation in West Asia.
March 5, 1964	Note number 150, 'Visit of M. Ho Ying' Henri de Bourdeille reports on his meeting with the Chinese Ambassador following the establishment of relations between France and China.
September 30, 1969	Letter no. 428 from Franco Maria Malfatti to Aldo Moro Malfatti reports his observations of the Chinese ambassador, who displayed a strong position against the Soviet Union and Taiwan.
November 20, 1968	Telegram Number 2206/09, 'NATO Ministerial Council' French diplomat Lucien Paye assesses Chinese foreign policy in the aftermath of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and speculates that China wishes to exploit differences within the NATO camp.
May 17, 1956	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan, 'Pakistani President’s Exclusive Conversation with American Reporters' The Pakistani President stated that Islamabad's warming relationship with the PRC did not mean a move away from the US. He reaffirmed Pakistani commitment to the Southeast Asian defense treaty and the Baghdad Pact while urging the US to recognize the PRC and advocating an increase in Sino-Japanese trade.
October 14, 1959	From the Journal of Ambassador S.F. Antonov, Summary of a Conversation with the Chairman of the CC CPC Mao Zedong October 1959 conversation between Mao Zedong and the Soviet diplomat and sinologist S.F. Antonov, in which Mao attempted to reassure the Soviets that China would not provoke war with the United States or with its Asian neighbors. In his conversation with Antonov, Mao attempts to lessen the impact of China’s displeasure with Soviet policies. He tries hard to show his agreement with Moscow on every issue—the United States, Taiwan, India, Tibet, disarmament.