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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Kádár, János

1912- 1989

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Warsaw Pact

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Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe

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A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

Sino-Soviet Relations

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Documents

February 1989	Memorandum to Alexander Yakovlev from the Bogomolov Commission (Marina Sylvanskaya) Memorandum to Alexander Yakovlev from the Bogomolov Commission (Marina Sylvanskaya) describing the changes in individual Eastern European countries and their impact on the Soviet Union
September 9, 1957	Memorandum of Conversation between the Government of Romania and the Delegation of Popular Republic of Mongolia, 9 September 1957 (Fragment) Fragment of the discussions between the delegation of the People's Republic of Mongolia led by Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal and the Romanian government in Bucharest, 9 September 1957. Tsedenbal describes the formation of the history and current state of relations between the Mongolian and Soviet Communist parties, Mongolia's relationship with the People's Republic of China, as well as the status of economic reforms in Mongolia
November 27, 1956	Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 27 November 1956 (Re: Protocol No. 60) These notes (part of the Malin Collection) describe Romanian leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej’s decision to negotiate with Yugoslavia regarding the fate of Imre Nagy after his arrest and transfer to Romania. The notes state that negotiations are inadvisable and remain the responsibility of Hungary. A second section of the document refers to instructions to the KGB for discrediting Nagy.
October 29, 1956	Telegram from KGB Chief Serov reporting on the situation in Hungary KGB Chief Serov report to Mikoyan and Suslov regarding activity by the insurgents in Hungary
January 20, 1965	Minutes of the Meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact Member States, Warsaw (Excerpts) Minutes of discussions of the Warsaw Pact Political Consultative Committee concerning non-proliferation. The Romanian delegation argues against a joint declaration of the Warsaw Pact on non-proliferation for fear that it might be used against China. The other delegations argue that a joint declaration is necessary in order to prevent the creation of the Multilaterall Nuclear Force proposed by NATO.
May 22, 1968	KGB Border Report to P. Shelest Report on lax border controls between Warsaw Pact nations and the Western District, USSR.
July 18, 1949	Cable, Liu Shaoqi to Mao Zedong A committee to write up a preliminary draft for a loan from the USSR to China is created. Stalin meets with a delegation of the CCP and answers several of their questions, including: the CCP's policy towards the Chinese national bourgeoisie, the matter of people's democratic dictatorship, Chinese foreign policy issues, Sino-Soviet relations, Xinjiang, Dalian, a Chinese University in Moscow, a railway from outer Mongolia to Zhangjiakou, and a naval school. Stalin and the CCP delegation also discussed the possibility of a war breaking out between the USSR and the US.
November 4, 1956	Stenographic record of a 4 November 1956 meeting of Party activists Khrushchev describes the events of the counterrevolution in Hungary and the crisis in Poland. He recounts the CPSU's consultations with other communist parties in the socialist camp to determine their attitude toward Soviet intervention, particularly in Hungary. Leaders from China, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia agreed with the Soviet position, but Polish leaders opposed the presence of Soviet troops in Hungary. Khrushchev reports that following these meetings, the CPSU CC Presidium decided to prepare for an attack on the counterrevolutionary forces in Hungary. He then reads aloud an open letter which declares the Hungarian Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Government. He gives details about the suppression of the counterrevolution by Soviet armed forces and the positive reaction of the socialist countries. He states that the lessons of the counterrevolution are to improve relations with the fraternal parties and the socialist countries and to treat them with respect; to improve political work among students and the masses so that they are not mislead by counterrevolutionaries; and to strengthen the Soviet Army.