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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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East Germany

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Czechoslovakia

Warsaw Pact

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Romania

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Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

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End of the Cold War

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Gomułka, Władysław

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe

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Nuclear Proliferation

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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Documents

August 19, 1989	Soviet Ambassador to Romania E. M. Tyazhel'nikov, Record of a Conversation with N. Ceauşescu and Message for Gorbachev Ambassador Tyazhel'nikov relays a message for Gorbachev from Ceauşescu in which he expresses concern about events in Poland and Tadeusz Mazowiecki's appointment as Prime Minister. Ceauşescu argued strongly that the socialist states "must decisively come forth in a united front in order to prevent the formation of a Solidarity-led government in Poland."
August 24, 1989	Information of the Romanian Embassy in Budapest to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1415 hrs A Romanian official at the Embassy in Budapest reports on the Hungarian response to Ceaușescu's 19 August 1989 appeal regarding the situation in Poland.
August 22, 1989	Report of the Embassy of Romania in Warsaw to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 0145 hr Romanian Ambassador to Poland Ion Tesu reports on the Polish response to Ceaușescu's 19 August message to all of the socialist countries. Includes a written response from the PUWP leadership
August 21, 1989	Transcript of Meeting of the Executive Politburo of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party Ceauşescu and the Romanian Executive Politburo discuss events in Poland in August 1989 and Ceauşescu's message to the other socialist countries concerning it.
January 24, 1962	Transcription of Speech by Yugoslav General Ivan Gosnjak This note describes a conference of important governmental leaders that gathered on Dec. 21, 1961 to hear Gosnjak speak. He spoke about the power of socialism and the importance of a united Soviet bloc against adversity.
January 26, 1966	Memorandum by the Polish Ministry of National Defense Polish and Soviet proposals for structural, organizational, and budgetary adjustments to the military articles of the Warsaw Treaty are reported and analyzed.
January 10, 1957	Memorandum on the Warsaw Treaty and the Development of the Armed Forces of the People's Republic of Poland The Polish general staff analyzes the military obligations mandated by the Warsaw Treaty and how stated obligations are not compatible with Polish policy. Proposals for revision of the military articles of the Warsaw Treaty are outlined.
March 10, 1970	Memorandum for President Nixon from Kissinger, "The Current Status of Brandt's Ostpolitik" A memorandum for President Nixon from National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger on the current status of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's "Ostpolitik" or Eastern Policy, which sought to normalize relations between West Germany and the communist countries.
March 31, 1984	KGB Report on New Elements in US Policy toward the European Socialist Countries Information from the KGB shared with the Stasi about a high-level review of US policy by the Department of State. Presidential Directive [NS-NSDD] 54 from [September] 1982 made the main US objective to subvert Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
July 1969	Military Exercise Plan for Tactical Coordination between the Polish Army National Defense Forces 1st Corps and the 28th Corps of the 8th Independent Air Defense Army of the Soviet Army This document details the scope and implementation of military coordination between Polish and Soviet forces.