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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Soviet Foreign Policy

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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Eastern Europe

Romania

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

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Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

Indian Nuclear History

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Sino-Soviet Relations

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April 8, 1991	Third Round of Soviet-Chinese Negotiations: A Mutual Reduction of Armed Forces and a Strengthening of Confidence in the Military Field in the Border Region This document discusses lessons learned from dealing with the Chinese in the previous two rounds of negotiations regarding the reduction of military presence at the Sino-Soviet border and the plan to jointly produce a draft general agreement on the issue.
October 17, 1961	Report by Chief of Defense Staff Aldo Rossi, 'The military situation of the armed forces of the Soviet bloc and of its alleged allies and those of NATO countries and their allies' A report on the discussions which occurred at a meeting of the Atlantic Council, during which the relative military powers of the Soviet Block and Western Block were compared. The different positions and threats posed to various NATO nations were also discussed. Finally, the report laid out plans for nuclear, submarine, and aerial weapons development to ensure that the Soviet Block’s military power never exceeds that of the Western block.
March 8, 1961	Note Assessing Italian Strategic Vulnerability Evaluation of vulnerability to Soviet aggression due to Italy’s geographic location (the middle of the Mediterranean Ocean) and political position (mostly communist). Reporting on the decision to increase nuclear weapons as well as bolster the air force in order to protect Italy and surrounding Mediterranean countries, which becomes essential considering the Soviet Union has made open threats directed at Europe and NATO.
May 6, 1987	Letter from the Ambassador Sergio Romano to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Andreotti Italian Ambassador to Moscow, Romano, shares his reflections on the change in Soviet SDI strategy. Romano's analysis underlines the politically fragile and potentially dangerous situation that could emerge as the result of nuclear disarmament in Europe.
January 1, 1985	Letter by Ambassador in Moscow Sergio Romano to Minister of Foreign Affairs Andreotti Italian Ambassador to Moscow, Sergio Romano, writes to Foreign Minister Andreotti to dicuss the topic of the Soviet attitude towards the SDI, and the unsuccessful efforts by the Soviets to pursue a similar defense system. Even though SDI is no longer a hindrance to superpower dialogue, it would be a mistake to assume that the USSR has given up the battle against the overall missile defense system.
December 13, 1988	Telegram by Ambassador Vanni D'Archirafi to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'NATO Ministerial meeting in the light of Gorbachev's announcement to the United Nations - West Germany's assessments' The telegram decribes West Germany's reactions on Gorbachev's December 7, 1988 address at the UN where he announces drastic changes in Soviet foreign and security policy.
November 24, 1987	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'East-West relations' An analysis of the state of East-West relations. The document covers US-USSR relations, CSCE, euro-Soviet relations, and USSR internal developments.
December 13, 1986	Telegram by Permanent Representative to NATO Fulci to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Ministerial Session of the Atlantic Council - Point II of the agenda. Speech of US Secretary of State Shultz about the prospects of post-Reykjavik scenario' Secretary of State, George P. Schultz analyzes US position following the collapse of the US-Soviet talks in Reykjavik. He discusses credibility of nuclear deterrence, US commitment to Europe and increasing conventional forces.
December 12, 1985	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'East-West relations' This document analyzes East-West relations following the December 1985 meeting between Gorbachev and Reagan in Geneva. It discusses the new and more open foreign policy line of the Soviet Union, and underlines the important role of bilateral and multilateral diplomacy under the complex circumstances.
December 15, 1985	Memorandum by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Geneva negotiations - New Soviet proposals' The document describes the propositions put forth by Soviet negotiators during the Geneva talks, and offers a preliminary analysis of the positive and the negative implications. The developments are not sufficient to expect an accord in the short term, but show a promising move away from "a dialogue of the deaf".