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The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Indian Nuclear History

Aerial view of National Mall

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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South Asia

Pakistan

China and South Asia

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Sino-Indian Border War, 1962

Jawaharlal Nehru, 1949

Nehru, Jawaharlal

1889- 1964

Potala Palace

South Asia

Tibet

Nuclear Proliferation

Bandung Conference 1955

Bandung Conference, 1955

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

Indira Gandhi, 1982

Gandhi, Indira

1917- 1984

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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United States. Department of State

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October 3, 1950	Transcript of Conversation between Zhou Enlai and K.M. Panikkar Zhou Enlai talks with K.M. Panikkar about a letter from Jawaharlal Nehru asking about the North Korea issue and U.S. involvement on the Korean peninsula. Zhou expresses that if American soldiers cross the 38th parallel, then China will take charge of the issue. Zhou also communicates the desire from the Chinese side for the peaceful settlement of the Korea issuen through the UN, which will first require foreign armed forces to exit the Korean peninsula.
December 22, 1993	Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation [PPNN], 'South Asia, Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Non-Proliferation: A PPNN International Workshop, Tourmaline/Topaz Hotel, Kandy, Sri Lanka, November 5-7 1993: Rapporteur's Substantive Report' Summarizes events and agenda of workshop subset within larger conference on South Asian nuclear issues.
December 18, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 45 (Overall Issue No. 71) This issue features a transcript of questions and answers from Zhou Enlai's meeting with journalists in Madras, India (now Chennai). Several sections cover Sino-Yugoslavian trade and relations, while other reports discuss finances and agricultural preparations for the end of the year.
April 21, 1955	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1955, No. 5 (Overall Issue No. 8) This issue begins with an announcement from Mao Zedong to end the state of war between China and Germany. It then features several reports about the Bandung Asian-African Conference in Indonesia, including a statement about the bomb explosion that sought to target Zhou Enlai on the way there. Other sections cover topics such as Sino-Indian relations, the creation of a Third Ministry of Machine Building to oversee developments in aviation, and the establishment of ethnic autonomous areas.
May 15, 1959	Mao Zedong, 'On Sino-Indian Relations' In commenting on a speech for China's ambassador to India, Mao emphasizes that, overall, India is a friendly country. China's primary enemy is not India but the imperialist United States. (The name of Ambassador Pan Zili is redacted throughout.)
May 7, 1968	Memo to the CPSU CC: Regarding the Decision of the Communist Party of India (CPI) to Oppose Signing the NPT This memo informs the Central Committee of the USSR of the Communist Party of India's decision to oppose signing the NPT due to perceived infringements on Indian sovereignty and a mistrust in the concept of security guarantees to India by the US. The recommended course of action is to forward comprehensive information to the CPI about the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons along the lines of a March 29 CPSU CC decree of that year in the hopes that the CPI's opinion on the NPT will change.
April 1968	CPSU CC Decree, 'Information for the Leadership of the CP of India on the Question of the NPT' In this decree, the CPSU CC recommends that a telegram to the Soviet ambassador in India be approved. This telegram would hold information for the Indian CP about the NPT.
1968	Memo to the Soviet Ambassador to India: Appeal to the Leadership of the Indian Communist Party on the Question of the NPT In this memo, the Soviet Ambassador to India is urged to meet with the leadership of the Indian Communist Party (Rao and Dange) and inform them, in light of the 22nd UN General Assembly session discussing the NPT, of the Soviet stance on the Treaty. The ambassador is instructed to emphasize the importance of nuclear non-proliferation for international geopolitical reasons, including preventing West Germany and China from acquiring nuclear weapons, as well as increasing domestic prosperity by using the atom for peaceful means. The ambassador is told to emphasize efforts of the USSR to prepare the draft treaty in collaboration with non-nuclear countries, as well as security guarantees in place for non-nuclear countries so that the Indian government greets the Treaty with understanding.
March 22, 1968	Andrei Gromyko, Note to the CPSU CC Andrei Gromyko describes the diplomatic measures he deems necessary to ensure the adherence of influential nations and countries in the Socialist sphere to the NPT. Valuing negotiation and diplomatic conversations between representatives, Gromyko especially seeks to obtain the support of countries who have previously expressed reservations about the treaty.
March 1968	Instructions to the Soviet representatives being sent to several countries for conversations on the draft nuclear non-proliferation treaty Soviet representatives being sent to Italy, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, and Italy, are instructed to visit the head of state or the minister of foreign affairs and relay the oral declarations contained in this document. The country-specific oral declarations reinforce the Soviet position against the use of nuclear technology for militaristic objectives and object to proposed measures that would undermine the efficacy of the NPT.