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Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Israeli Nuclear History

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

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Northern Africa

Egypt

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Argentina

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Harman, Avraham

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Ben-Gurion, David

1886- 1973

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United States. Department of State

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Sisco, Joseph J.

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United States. Embassy (Argentina)

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Nuclear Proliferation

Interviews by Avner Cohen

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Yom Kippur War, 1973

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March 17, 1969	Memorandum of Converrsation between President Johnson and Israeli Foreign Minister Eban President Johnson and Israeli Foreign Minister Eban discuss US policy in the Middle East, specifically the possibility of peace between Israel and Arab countries, and the Soviet and French position on the matter. The United States and Israel plan to proceed in upcoming discussions in close cooperation.
March 8, 1969	Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, 'Next Steps on the Middle East' Kissinger details a plan to hold separate talks with the Soviet Union, France, and Great Britain with the aim of bringing them closer to the US position and press them to share responsibility for success.
January 30, 1969	NSC Interdepartmental Group for Near East and South Asia, 'Basic US Interests In the Middle East' The paper provides an overview of American policy in the Middle East, including main interests and their importance, the Soviet Union's influence in the Middle East, and threats to NATO.
February 3, 1969	Memorandum for the President [Richard Nixon] from Henry A. Kissinger, 'The Middle East--Some Policy Considerations' Kissinger provides Nixon with an overview of achieving a general political settlement in the Arab-Israeli conflict, and different international frameworks for this goal.
August 11, 1948	Letter from Charles F. Knox, Jr., Counselor of Mission at Tel-Aviv, to US Secretary of State, 'Arrival of Minister and Staff of USSR Legation' Knox reports that the Soviet diplomatic legation at Tel-Aviv is staying in the same hotel as the US legation due to a lack of lodging available to house them.
July 15, 1965	Research Memorandum REU-25 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'Attitudes of Selected Countries on Accession to a Soviet Co-sponsored Draft Agreement on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons' With a nuclear nonproliferation treaty under consideration in Washington, INR considered which countries were likely to sign on and why or why not. INR analysts, mistakenly as it turned out, believed it unlikely that the Soviet Union would be a co-sponsor of a treaty in part because of the “international climate” and also because Moscow and Washington differed on whether a treaty would recognize a “group capability.”
June 4, 1957	Department of State Office of Intelligence Research, 'OIR Contribution to NIE 100-6-57: Nuclear Weapons Production by Fourth Countries – Likelihood and Consequences' This lengthy report was State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research's contribution to the first National Intelligence Estimate on the nuclear proliferation, NIE 100-6-57. Written at a time when the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom were the only nuclear weapons states, the “Fourth Country” problem referred to the probability that some unspecified country, whether France or China, was likely to be the next nuclear weapons state. Enclosed with letter from Helmut Sonnenfeldt, Division of Research for USSR and Western Europe, to Roger Mateson, 4 June 1957, Secret
December 27, 1962	Rodger P. Davies to Phillips Talbot, 'Second Inspection of Israel's Dimona Reactor' Summary of second US inspection of Dimona. Although inspectors "were taken to Dimona without advance notification, [and] they had spent only a short time there," they felt that "the visit was satisfacotry in that the AEC technicians could confirm that the reactor is not a power reactor but rather a large research reactor.
October 23, 1962	Department of State Memorandum of Conversation, 'Second U.S. Visit to Dimona Reactor' Results of second US visit to Dimona discussed.
October 22, 1962	State Department Telegram 451 to US Embassy Egypt State Department reports that a second US visit to Dimona reaffirmed previous view that there was no evidence of preparations for nuclear weapons production.