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Aerial view of National Mall

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

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Nuclear Proliferation

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Western Europe

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Indian Nuclear History

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

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United States. Department of State

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United States. Embassy (Canada)

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

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Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

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Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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Euromissiles Crisis

Pakistani Nuclear History

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October 15, 1975	Briefing Paper, 'Nuclear Suppliers Conference,' Secretary's Trip to Ottawa This document describes Canada's position on safeguards as well as the United State's position and how the U.S. will respond to Canada. The Canadians strongly supported the former, “full scope safeguards," and although Washington had included the substance of full-scope safeguards in the original five-point paper but Kissinger would not go against the French and risk the hard-won understanding that had brought them into the group.
October 10, 1975	George Vest to Mr. Sonnenfeldt, 'British Comprehensive Safeguards Initiative re Suppliers Conference' This document describes the differing views regarding safeguards. The Canadians strongly supported the former, “full scope safeguards” (their terminology, which caught on), which the French saw as “tantamount to imposing NPT obligations”--a reference to the Treaty’s Article III--which they would not accept. Arguing that full-scope safeguards was “alien to [their] philosophy,” the French suggested that a “traditional interpretation of the contamination principle (i.e., requiring safeguards on any materials produced in exported facilities),” would make it possible to achieve “the practical equivalent” of the Canadian proposal.
September 23, 1975	Memorandum from George S. Vest to Secretary of State, 'September 16-17 Nuclear Suppliers' Meeting' The September 1975 meeting of the suppliers’ group brought out a conflict over a decisive issue, whether supplying countries should require recipient countries to place all nuclear facilities under safeguards or require them only for the technology and supplies at issue in the contract (“project safeguards”). The Canadians strongly supported the former, “full scope safeguards” (their terminology, which caught on), which the French saw as “tantamount to imposing NPT obligations” --a reference to the Treaty’s Article III--which they would not accept.
December 21, 1974	George H. Springsteen, Jr., Executive Secretary, to Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft, 'Briefing Paper on Non-Proliferation' In the course of a background paper on the nuclear proliferation problem and policy options, the State Department updated the White House on the state of play of the nuclear suppliers’ initiative: the British, the Canadians, and the Soviets had agreed to attend a meeting; the Germans would agree “if all key suppliers” (France) accepted; and the Japanese, who had also been asked, had not responded. The French had not given an answer and bilateral discussions would take place to go over the issues.
October 22, 1974	Memorandum from William H. Luers, Executive Secretariat, to Winston Lord and Fred Iklé Kissinger agreed that in his absence Acting Secretary of State Robert Ingersoll and ACDA Director Fred Iklé should meet with French Ambassador Kosciusko-Morizet and that the British, Germans, and Canadians should receive copies of the five-point paper, and also be informed of the approaches to the French and the Soviets.
June 18, 1974	Memorandum of Conversation, 'Indian Nuclear Explosion; World Food Conference; Pacific Coast Tankers; NATO Declaration; Middle East; Trade Bill' Canada’s safeguards had failed to prevent India from converting spent fuel from the CANDU reactor into plutonium. Kissinger acknowledged to Canadian Foreign Minister Mitchell Sharp that U.S. safeguards had also proven to be “lousy,” failing to prevent India from using U.S.-supplied heavy water for its nuclear activities. Sharp asked Kissinger how the proliferation of nuclear technology could be prevented and what should be said to the Argentines and the Egyptians, who were also seeking to use nuclear energy. But Kissinger evidently had no answer.
May 25, 1957	Collection of Reports from Polish Military Attaches Around the World Reports from Washington, Ottawa, Cairo, Berlin, Brussells, Rome, Stockholm, and Helsinki discussing events that occurred from January-May 1957. Most of the contents revolved around meetings with other foreign officials and actions of embassy's host country.
November 21, 1990	Record of Conversation between M. S. Gorbachev and Canadian Prime Minister B. Mulroney in Paris Gorbachev and Mulroney discuss the potential response through the UN to Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait.
September 4, 1987	Ted Borek to Mr. Peck et al, 'Draft Note to Canadians on Pervez Documents' The Canadian government cooperated with the US Justice Department in the Pervez case by seizing documents at his and making them available to federal prosecutors. The State Department wanted permission to review the documents “on the premises of the U.S. law enforcement authorities.”
August 29, 1987	Department of State Telegram 270161 to Embassy Ottawa, 'Access to Canadian Documents in Pervez Case' The Canadian government cooperated with the US Justice Department in the Pervez case by seizing documents at his and making them available to federal prosecutors. The State Department wanted permission to review the documents “on the premises of the U.S. law enforcement authorities.”