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Western Europe

Netherlands

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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Western Europe

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Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Euromissiles Crisis

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Boissevain, Gideon W.

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Netherlands. Embassy (Cuba)

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Luns, Joseph

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Agt, A. A. M. van

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Interchurch Peace Council (Netherlands)

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Nuclear Proliferation

Cuban Foreign Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Indian Nuclear History

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Documents

1976	Memorandum on the Problem of Disarmament and Security, Submitted to the Netherlands Parliament Memorandum giving an overview of Dutch policy balancing nuclear disarmament and security needs. It cites the need for a "reality check" and noting that the "current security system" of nuclear deterrence cannot be overhauled or improved on by sudden changes that activist groups like the Interchurch Peace Council propose. The memorandum stresses the importance of weighing the risks that come with abandoning the current security system and those involved with creating or joining an new security system.
April 17, 1974	Report of the Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) Meeting of Wednesday, 10 April in Keistraat 9, Utrecht This documents provides a report of the meeting of the council, giving a clear view internal structures, relations and tensions within the IKV, specifically those between the local branches and the national umbrella organization, between the IKV and the churches and those between the main participants within the council.
January 1972	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) Internal Paper, 'The Power of Europe' This document provides an extensive analysis and critique of the balance of nuclear deterrence. Analysis includes objections to the balance of nuclear deterrence theory. This marks the first time that the IKV ever articulated such objections.
January 1972	Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) Internal Paper This is an IKV internal paper recollects the founding of the IKV in 1966. In addition, this document outlines the official mandate from the churches, its tasks and goals, as well as the Peace Weeks to be organized on an annual basis. Each Peace Week was to provide a new thematic accent concerning certain political or social issues prevalent to the IKV agenda.
June 11, 1976	George Vest to the Secretary of State, 'London Nuclear Suppliers Meeting' This document provides an overview of the London Nuclear Suppliers' Meeting which included the addition of the five newest countries to the original seven. Most old and new members were receptive when Washington lobbied them to support a “long term and stable regime of restraint” on the export of sensitive enrichment and reprocessing technology. While the French were supportive of the moratorium proposal, the Germans were uncomfortable with it, not least because of the implications for their deal with Brazil.
October 9, 1963	Memorandum, Dutch Joint Chiefs of Staff, 'Regarding the Military Desirability of the Creation of a NATO Multilateral Nuclear Force" Memorandum presented at 11 October 1963 meeting of the Dutch Council of Ministers. The memorandum is highly critical of the military merits of the proposed NATO Multilateral Nuclear Force, and argues that even if the MLF is created, the Netherlands should decline to participate.
October 2, 1963	Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Paper Regarding Dutch Participation in Talks Regarding a Multilateral Nuclear Force' Paper presented at 4 October 1963 meeting of the Dutch Council of Ministers. The paper lays out the reasons for declining to participate in the Multilateral Force so far, but argues that due to changes in the situation – principally a turn on the part of the British toward participation – the Netherlands now should move to participate in the talks. The paper lists the (political) advantages of such participation.
June 19, 1964	Meeting Minutes, Council of Ministers of the Netherlands, 'Multilateral Nuclear Force' Minister of Foreign Affairs Luns reports that the Secretary of State Rusk has asked him to explain the American position regarding the Multilateral Force (MLF) to Prime Minister Khrushchev on his impending visit to Russia. The main point is that the MLF is not intended to give Germany control over nuclear weapons.
December 4, 1964	Meeting Minutes, Council of Ministers of the Netherlands, 'European Political Cooperation' Minister of Foreign Affairs Luns reports on a discussion he had with Jean Monnet on the EEC and the Multilateral Force (MLF), including topics such as the interconnection between these issues, the risk of a German nuclear force, and transatlantic relations in general. Luns also met with Undersecretary of State Ball, who was keen on moving ahead with the MLF and proposed holding a conference about it in The Hague, which Luns had to decline. Luns furthermore met with Minister of Foreign Affairs Couve de Murville, who put the blame with the Americans for inciting thoughts about nuclear independence on the part of the Germans. Minister of Defense De Jong responds by giving a broad military-strategic analysis, concluding that unity within NATO is essential to prevent American attention from shifting increasingly to Asia.
November 13, 1964	Meeting Minutes, Council of Ministers of the Netherlands, 'Foreign Policy' Council of Ministers minutes reports that Minister of Foreign Affairs has met with U.S. Secretary of State Rusk, who was determined to secure Dutch and British participation in the Multilateral Force. The French increase their resisitance to the plan, while anti-German sentiment increases in France.