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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

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North America

United States

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Nuclear Proliferation

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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South Asia

Pakistan

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

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Vorster, B. J. (Balthazar Johannes)

1915- 1983

Israeli Nuclear History

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Sole, Donald Bell

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Brazilian Nuclear History

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Official portrait for President Jimmy Carter, 1978.

Carter, Jimmy

1924-

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De Klerk, F. W. (Frederik Willem)

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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September 8, 1977	Letter from J.S. Wall to Bryan Cartledge, 'South African Nuclear Intentions' J.S. Wall of the UK Foreign and Commonweath Office reports on a conversation with David Aaron of the US National Security Council on concerns about South Africa's possible nuclear testing facility in the Kalahari desert.
August 23, 1977	Telegram from South African Embassy in the US on President Carter’s Press Conference on the Kalahari Nuclear Test Site The South African Embassy in the US reports to the South African Foreign Ministry on President Carter’s press conference on the kalahari nuclear test site and related US media coverage. Carter called on the South African government to place their nuclear programs under international safeguards and monitoring and cease attempts to develop and explosive device.
August 25, 1970	United States Department of State, Memorandum from Martin Jacobs to Mr. Nelson on South African Nuclear Scientist’s Visit US Nuclear Testing Facilities Martin Jacobs reports that Dr. J. V. Retief, Senior Scientist of the National Nuclear Research Center of the South African Atomic Energy Board requested permission to visit an Army Corps research facility, the Cratering Group Research Labratory at Livermore, California. Jacobs was concerned that "there might be political repercussions if it appeared the US was assisting South Africa to produce nuclear explosives as a prelude to weapons development."
February 1, 1965	Draft Agreement Between South Africa and Israel on the Application of Safeguards to the Sale of Uranium Contract between the governments of Israel and South Africa with terms outlining the safeguards that would be used for the sale of South African uranium to Israel. The safeguards intended to ensure that the material would be used for peaceful purposes only and none would be used "for atomic weapons or for research on or devleopment of atomic weapons or for any other military pruposes."
July 19, 1960	Confidential Telegram from South African Ambassador in Vienna D.B. Sole to South African Department of Foreign Affairs Official M.I. Botha on sale of Uranium to Israel. The South African Ambassador in Vienna Donald B. Sole responds to a message concerning the Israeli interest in purchasing uranium from South Africa. He does not think that the Israeli Minister's statement that Israeli would obey IAEA safeguards "should be taken seriously" and thus he does not believe it would be in South Africa's best interest to complete the sale.
November 23, 1976	United States Information Service, 'United States Statement on UN Vote on South Africa' US statement to the UN General Assembly delivered by delegate Father Hupp. The statement explains the why the US voted no on a series of resolutions regarding South Africa. These included resolutions on an arms embargo, sporting boycott and other resolutions concerning Apartheid. It also voted no on a resolution condemning Israel for arms sales to South Africa.
June 2, 1977	Letter, South African Ambassador to the United States, 'US Policy on Foreign Military Sales' The South African Ambassador to the United States analyzes the new arms control policies under the Carter Administration.
April 11, 1963	Letter, South African Ambassador to the United States, Regarding Armed Forces Attache's Report The South African Ambassador to the United States writes to the Secretary for Foreign Affairs regarding an American report on their strategic interests that made no mention of Southern Africa.
November 17, 1994	Annex, South African Council for Non-proliferation, 'African Regional Seminar' Report on the African Regional Seminar on the National Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which was held in Pretoria in September, 1994.
November 17, 1994	Annex, South African Council for Non-proliferation, 'Report on the Eighth Plenary Session of the PrepCom' Report on the Eighth Plenary Session of the Preparatory Commission for the establishment of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.