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Pakistani Nuclear History

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South Asia

Pakistan

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North America

United States

Nuclear Proliferation

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Pervez, Arshad Z.

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

France

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South Asia

India

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United States. Department of State

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad

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United States. Embassy (Pakistan)

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Indian Nuclear History

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Hungary. Embassy (Pakistan)

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Photograph of President Ronald Reagan

Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

Chinese Nuclear History

Soviet Foreign Policy

South African Nuclear History

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June 11, 1981	Lewis A. Dunn, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 'Implications for US Policy of a Pakistani Nuclear Test' Memorandum from the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency suggests that the prospects for dissuading a Pakistani nuclear test were dimming and suggests possible U.S. responses should detonate a device.
April 9, 1981	Special Assistant for NPI, NFAC, CIA, to Resource Management Staff, Office of Program Assessment et al, 'Request for Review of Draft Paper on the Security Dimension of Non-Proliferation' Just a few months into President Reagan’s first term his administration wanted to make its own mark on nonproliferation policy. The report suggests building “broader bilateral relationship[s]” and offering political and security incentives could persuade states considering developing nuclear weapons to cease these efforts.
March 23, 1981	Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, 'Pakistan and the US: Seeking Ways to Improve Relations' A State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research report on the desire of the Pakistani leadership to improve relations with the U.S. and negotiate a more substantial aid package. The report warns against becoming too close to General Zia, as close relations with him “might harm future relations” should he be swept from power.
January 31, 1980	Secretary of Defense Harold Brown to Ambassador-at-Large Gerard C. Smith, enclosing excerpts from memoranda of conversations with Geng Biao and Deng Xiaoping. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 had an immediate impact on U.S. policy toward Pakistan and U.S. aid to the anti-Soviet resistance through Islamabad. With these considerations, the U.S. chose to “set [the nuclear issue] aside for the time being.”
September 8, 1979	Anthony Lake, director, Policy Planning Staff, to Secretary of State Vance, 'The Pakistan strategy and Future Choices' Anthony Lake, director of the Policy Planning Staff, writes to Secretary of State Cyrus Vance about available options to deter Pakistan’s further proliferation while still maintaining “good relations.” Lake suggests exploring the idea of pressuring groups and countries providing aid to Pakistan, and wonders whether the sale of F-16 fighter-jets could sway Pakistan’s military to scale back their nuclear effort.
June 6, 1979	US Department of State Cable 145139 to US Embassy India [Repeating Cable Sent to Embassy Pakistan], 'Non-Proliferation in South [Asia]' U.S. State Department cable states that the Carter administration has “reached a dead end” in its efforts to curb the proliferation of nuclear technology in South Asia. The State Department is wary of taking too strong an approach to Pakistan’s nuclear endeavors, given the security ties between the two countries and concerns about Pakistan’s stability.
November 16, 1978	'Achieving USG Nonproliferation Objectives in Pakistan,' State Department Cable 290844 to US Embassy Pakistan U.S. State Department reports that U.S. officials have instructions not to share U.S. "concerns" with India over Pakistan's nuclear program.
February 13, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 41, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on a recent Pakistani missile test based on information from an Indian official. India does not believe Benazir Bhutto's statement that Pakistan's nuclear program is peaceful. Includes speculation on China's involvement in the program. Pakistan has also approached contacts in Hungary about obtaining nuclear technology.
November 28, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 219, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on India's response to Pakistan's purchase of a nuclear reactor from China.
December 12, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 227, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on talks with the chairman of the Pakistani Atomic Energy Commission. Pakistan wants to purchase a nuclear power plant control system from Hungary.