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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Chinese troops cross the Yalu River, 1950, to fight in the Korean War.

China and the Korean War

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Roshchin, Nikolai V.

-

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

China

Manchuria

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Portrait of Peng Dehuai

Peng, Dehuai

1898- 1974

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

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June 5, 1958	Report, Peng Dehuai to Mao Zedong and the CCP Central Committee (Excerpt) Chinese Minister of Defense, Peng Dehuai, reports that the Soviet Union requests Chinese-Soviet cooperation in establishing long-wave radio stations in China. Soviet experts are permitted to visit China to perform technical work.
September 15, 1959	Mikihail Zimyanin's Background Report for Khrushchev on China (Excerpt) Mikhail Zimyanin, head of the Soviet Foreign Ministry’s Far Eastern department, reports to Khrushchev on the “new stage” in Sino-Soviet relations after the victory of the people’s revolution in China; China and the Soviet Union now share the common goal of developing socialist societies in their respective countries.
September 27, 1958	Letter, Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the Chinese Communist Party, on the Soviet Union's Readiness to Provide Assistance to China in the Event of an Attack In the wake of the Taiwan Strait Crisis, the Soviet Union promises to intervene in the event of a nuclear attack on China from the United States.
October 11, 1958	Telegram, Mao Zedong to Zhou Enlai Mao sends instructions to Zhou Enlai, asking him to send information to the Soviets about the number of planes that were short down during air engagements in the Taiwan Strait. He adds that "[the Soviets] should sell ground-to-air missiles to us, and let us control the employment of them."
October 5, 1958	Meeting Minutes, Zhou Enlai’s Conversation with S.F. Antonov on the Taiwan Issue (excerpt) Speaking with Soviet Charge d'Affaires Antonov, Zhou Enlai analyzes the American response to the Chinese bombing of Jinmen Island.
October 2, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Directive to Soviet Ambassadors and Representatives, 'Carrying Out Additional Measures to Counter American-Chinese Military Cooperation' Instructions to Soviet ambassadors discussing the growing military cooperation between China and the United States.
March 4, 1980	CPSU CC Directive to Soviet Ambassadors in Communist Countries, Instructions 'About the China Question' Instructions to Soviet ambassadors on dealing with China's outreach to socialist countries in the eastern bloc, outlining a series of steps for Soviet ambassadors to follow which would foster skepticism about China’s intentions and thwart efforts by Chinese representatives to make wide-ranging contacts in these states. The directive notes China’s hostility to Vietnam, Cuba, Laos, and Mongolia and contrasts this with its development of extensive relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea.
July 22, 1958	Minutes of Conversation, Mao Zedong and Ambassador Yudin Mao Zedong held this conversation with Yudin in the context of the emerging dispute between Beijing and Moscow on establishing a Chinese-Soviet joint submarine flotilla.
November 12, 1963	Memorandum of Conversation, Chinese Officials and the Hungarian Ambassador to China Martin, the Hungarian ambassador to China, is involved with several conversations with Chinese officials before returning to Hungary, and the three highlighted conversations are with Zhu De, Chen Yi, and Zhou Enlai. Among other international issues, Zhu De discusses imperial attempts to restore capitalism in socialist countries and references “revisionism” in Hungary, to which Martin responds defensively. Chen Yi discusses Chinese industrial and economic development. Zhou Enlai discusses recent Chinese struggles, and interprets Martin’s reaction as distrust.
September 11, 1957	Protocol No. 1 of the Joint Meeting of the Delegations of the Soviet Ministry of Defense Industry and Representatives of the Chinese People’s Republic Minutes from a meeting on Sino-Soviet efforts at defense planning and collaboration. Chinese defense officials looked for Russian help in the production of guided missiles, and the document illustrate their efforts to collaborate in the education and preparation of specialists, the staffing of military research institutes, the construction of defense-related factories, and the sharing of technology.