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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Interkit, 1966-1987

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Handshake between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon

Sino-American Cooperation, 1972-1989

Sino-American Confrontation, 1949-1971

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang, Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

1887- 1975

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June 1975	East German Report on the Eight Interkit Meeting in Ulaanbaatar, June 1975 This report, issued after the eighth Interkit meeting in Ulaanbaatar, addresses the domestic and foreign policies of China and the anti-Maoist propaganda measures to be undertaken by Socialist countries. There are no great expectations for a collapse of Maoism, even though the Chinese economy is developing slowly. China is acquiring nuclear weapons and missiles in preparation for an armed conflict. Beijing's foreign relations with Western countries are considered to be detrimental to international détente and directed against the interests of the Soviet Union and the Socialist countries.
March 1974	East German Report on Seventh Interkit Meeting in Budapest, March 1974 This report, issued after the seventh Interkit meeting in Budapest, addresses unsolved socio-economic problems and internal party disputes in China. The new military strategy of the People's Republic as well as its economic development are examined. Beijing's foreign relations with Western countries, especially with the US, are considered to be detrimental to international détente. The attendees condemn China for stockpiling nuclear weapons and missiles in preparation for a military confrontation with the Soviet Union, for extending its influence in developing countries, for strengthening the position of NATO, for interfering with the domestic policies of Vietnam, and for supporting the military junta in Chile.
March 10, 1970	Report about an Internal Consultation of the Representatives of the International Departments of the Central Committees of the CPSU, BKP, SED, MPRP, PZPR, MSZMP, and the CP Czech in Warsaw This East German report, issued after the Interkit meeting in Warsaw, addresses the situation in China under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Among the issues discussed are the ninth congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Mao's anti-Soviet foreign policy, especially China's relations with the US and West Germany. The ninth congress of the CCP is said to have stabilized Mao's position and is seen as the founding congress of a new party. Among other topics, the delegates also discuss ways to improve anti-Maoist propaganda.
September 5, 1972	Discussion Points from the Meeting with Zhou Enlai Discussion points from Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim's meeting with Zhou Enlai
September 23, 1977	Notes on Meetings held in the Great Hall of the People in Peking, on 3 and 4 August 1977 at 3 PM Huang Hua, commenting on a number of developments around the world, suggests that China's foreign policy continues to emulate the thinking and concerns of Mao Zedong.
October 3, 1957	Notes on Conversation between Polish Defense Minister Spychalski and PRC Leader Mao Zedong Mao Zedong discusses the history of the Chinese Communist Party, among other topics with Marian Spychalski.
December 12, 1970	Memorandum of Conversation between Romanian Deputy Premier Gheorghe Radulescu and Zhou Enlai during a Visit to China between 20-26 November 1970 Gheorge Radulescu informs Zhou Enlai that the United States desires to improve Sino-US relations and discuss China's representation in the UN. Zhou states that China does not accept the proposal for Taiwan to remain a member of the UN as an autonomous region of China, because, in that case, other countries could ask that the same be done for Tibet and Xinjiang. Zhou notes the ongoing border disputes with the Soviet Union. Zhou also discusses Japan's growing economy and the threat of renewed Japanese militarism.
September 7, 1969	Minutes of Conversation between Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Paul Niculescu Mizil, Zhou Enlai, and Li Xiannian on 7 September 1969 Conversation between Romanian and Chinese representatives. Romanians note that Nixon seemed sincere in his desire to normalize relations with China, and that he believed the Vietnam issue could not be solved militarily. The Romanians believe that Vietnam should pursue the opportunity for talks. Zhou Enlai states that the widespread activity of the USSR proves that the Soviet leaders are "crazy." The Romanians affirm that they would encourage neither the USSR or China to heighten aggression with the other.
July 28, 1979	Transcript, Meeting of East German leader Erich Honecker and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, Crimea, 27 July 1979 (excerpt) Brezhnev reports to Honecker on international affairs.
January 27, 1957	Speech, Mao Zedong, 'On Sino-American and Sino-Soviet Relations' According to Mao, it would be beneficial for China to wait until after the Third Five-Year Plan to establish a relationship with the United States. In regards to the Soviet Union, he discusses the arrogance of the Soviets as a result of their abundant natural resources, and the “inevitable” disputes between the Communist parties in each country.