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Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

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South Asia

Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Middle East

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Ustinov, Dimitri F.

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Amīn, Ḥafīẓ Allāh

1929- 1979

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Non-Aligned Movement

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September 12, 1978	Minutes from Conversation between Babrak Karmal and the Head of the Diplomatic Protocol Tucek A summarized conversation between Babrak Karmal and the head of Diplomatic protocol regarding Karmal's request for political asylum in Czechoslovakia, following then end of his ambassadorship.
September 12, 1978	Memorandum of Conversation between the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Dusan Spacil and Soviet Ambassador Novikov A discussion of Babrak Karmal's status in Czechoslovakia--as to wether or not he is still the amabassor from Afghanistan--is the primary focus of this document. Additional discussion occurs regarding locations for Karmal's possible defection from Afghanistan.
November 13, 1986	Memorandum from KGB Chief Viktor M. Chebrikov, Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze, Defense Minister Marshal Sergei L. Sokolov, and Central Committee International Relations Secretary Anatoly Dobrynin to CPSU Politburo This document highlights the efforts of the PDPA leadership to increase its membership among Afghan mullahs, landowners, and the aristocracy in order to legitimize the party among the Afghan people. It also reveals possible UN involvement in affairs surrounding Afghanistan after a possible Soviet withdrawal.
December 26, 1988	Letter from Ahmad Shah Masoud to the Soviet Chief Military Adviser This document is a letter from Ahmad Shah Masoud his attitude toward the Soviet's military involvement in Afghanistan.
May 18, 1987	Memorandum of the Bulgarian Department of Foreign Policy and International Relations on Afghanistan This document highlights the steps taken by the Bulgarian government to facilitate rapprochement with Afghanistan. The broad aid to Afghan social, political, and economic infrastructure is discussed in detail.
January 1988	Information about the 6th Meeting of the Multilateral Group for Current Information of the Warsaw Pact Member Countries This document provides a summary of the settlement between the Warsaw Pact countries and Afghanistan. It discusses how the coalition of socialist countries could have influenced the future of Afghan politics.
December 30, 1979	Ciphered Telegram from Bulgarian Embassy in Kabul, 30 December 1979 This document provides a statement Babrak Karmal's commitment to Afghan political party solidarity in the face of elements which attempted to de-stabilize his nation's democratic regime.
February 29, 1980	Report on the Meeting of the Foreign Secretaries of the Socialist Countries in Moscow, 26 February 1980 This document explains the views of the cooperating Socialist countries relating to Afghanistan. The USSR perceived the US attempt to line up NATO support against the Soviets as an aggressive action, designed to counter Soviet influence. The Soviets, by contrast, viewed their involvement in Afghanistan as increasing their sphere of influence around the Warsaw-pact countries, making such actions defense, rather than offensive. The USSR's leadership states that it should increase its ties to NATO countries to counteract the foreign policy of the US.
July 16, 1980	Memorandum of conversation between Vadim Zagladin of the CPSU CC and Gyula Horn, deputy head of the HSWP CC Foreign Department on debates inside the Soviet leadership on issues of international politics This document reveals substantial internal debate among Soviet policy makers regarding the USSR'S foreign policy. Issues of counter-balancing US influence by increasing alliances in Western Europe, and the disagreement regarding political turmoil in Afghanistan, illustrate two prominent disagreements in Soviet politics.
August 24, 1981	Soviet position on the Declaration of the Afghan Government This statement demonstrates the DRA's focus to participate in international affairs. The DRA commits itself to the policy of non-alignment, while discussing possible settlements of the situation in Afghanistan which involve the United Nations.