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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Chinese revolutionary ballet

China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Western Europe

Italy

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

Liu, Shaoqi

1898- 1969

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

-

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Documents

1974	Analysis of the Romanian Attitude toward Maoism This document offers an East German assessment of Romania's attitude towards China. It emphasizes that the Romanian Communist Party approves of the Chinese Maoist line and agrees with Beijing's domestic and foreign policies. Romania's foreign policy is said to attribute the same importance to relations with China as to relations with the Soviet Union. It also notes that the Romanian government has given more publicity to the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and West Germany than it did to similar moves between East Germany and India. The authors identify an anti-Soviet bias in the Romanian position, which the authors believe undermines the unity of the Socialist countries.
July 9, 1973	Report by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on China's Policy toward Western Europe and Opposition against the CSCE This document contains information prepared by the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on China's European policy and Chinese opposition to the convocation of a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). It states that China's overall goals are diametrically opposed to those of the European Socialist countries and their Communist parties, with Beijing identifying the Soviet Union as its primary enemy. In this light, the Soviet leadership maintains that actively confronting China in ideological and political terms remains one of the most important tasks of the Warsaw Pact countries.
November 27, 1972	Report by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on Talks Between Zhou Enlai and Walter Scheel These statements by the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) concern talks between Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and West German Foreign Minister Walter Scheel. The CC assesses the improvement of relations between China and West Germany as adverse to the interests of East Germany and of Socialism. China is criticized for not supporting the idea of a European conference on security and cooperation and for sustaining the role of organizations such as the European Economic Community and NATO. The CC expresses disagreement with China's abstention from the disarmament process and with its position within the UN.
June 11, 1971	GDR Embassy in Bucharest, 'Assessment regarding the Visit by the Party and Government Delegation of the RSR under the Leadership of Gen. Ceauşescu to the PR China from June 1 to June 9, 1971' This document examines the visit of the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party, Nicolae Ceauşescu, to China. This visit is seen by East Germany as evidence of anti-Soviet sentiments. The Romanian endorsement of Chinese politics is strongly criticized, as it is seen to strengthen China's position and to weaken the cohesion of the Warsaw Pact. Ceauşescu's visit to China is said to have met with a positive response in the US.
July 26, 1965	Stenographic Transcript of Discussions Held with Chinese Communist Party Delegation to the 9th Congress of Romanian Communist Party The meeting focuses on disagreements between the Chinese and Soviets regarding the Vietnam War and general support to the North Vietnamese. The two sides also discuss general relations among the Warsaw Pact countries.
October 1988	The Party Cooperation between the PUWP and the CCP A memo from the Polish United Workers' Party that Sino-Polish relations have been fully normalized. A series of efforts and initiatives to further normalization are outlined.
April 28, 1987	Talking Points pertaining to Economic Issues for the Conversation between the First Secretary CC PUWP, Chairman of the State Council, Comrade General of the Army, Wojciech Jaruzelski with Deputy Secretary General of the CCP, Premier of the PRC State The talking points focus on increased economic ties between Poland and China, and how economic cooperation is likely to lead the way in relations between the two.
March 17, 1987	Informational Note from the official visit in Poland of the PRC Foreign Minister, Comrade Wu Xueqian (March 10-13, 1987) Overview of the first visit of a PRC foreign minister in Poland.
March 1970	CC CPSU International Department, Note on the China Problem Following the 9th Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party This study addresses aspects of Chinese domestic and foreign policies after the 9th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Internal party disputes and undemocratic structures are said to characterize the Chinese leadership. The document offers an analysis of the socio-political state of affairs in China and states that the delay in economic growth is due to violations of the economic principles of Socialism. As far as its foreign policy is concerned, China is strengthening its military potential; Beijing's intensified relations with Western countries are condemned.