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Sino-American Confrontation, 1949-1971 Clear All

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Sino-American Confrontation, 1949-1971

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Taiwan Strait Crises

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Conversations with Mao Zedong

Representatives from Taiwan at the United Nations, September 1971

Taiwan's International Status

Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang, Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

1887- 1975

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

Western Europe

Great Britain

PRC Vice Premier Chen Yi

Chen, Yi

1901- 1972

Official Chinese Communist Party portrait of Liu Shaoqi.

Liu, Shaoqi

1898- 1969

Portrait of John Foster Dulles

Dulles, John Foster

1888- 1959

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March 12, 1970	Memorandum for Mr. Henry A. Kissinger, the White House, from Theodore L. Eliot, Jr. Theodore Eliot advises Henry Kissinger that "the United States should avoid becoming involved in an issue which could seriously damage our efforts to improve relations with Peking."
June 10, 1969	Embassy of the GDR in the PRC, 'Note about the “Club Meeting” of the Ambassadors and Acting Ambassadors of the Fraternal Countries on 6 June 1969' Notes on a meeting between the Ambassadors to China of the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, the Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Mongolia, and Poland in which they discussed a broad range of domestic and international concerns related to the People’s Republic of China including the Cultural Revolution, Vietnam, and provocations at the Soviet border. They report throughout on conversations with other Ambassadors in China.
December 7, 1949	Cable, Zhou Enlai to Wang Zhen Zhou Enlai responds to two cables about the activities and whereabouts of George Fox-Holmes, Douglas Mackiernan, and John Hall Paxton.
April 2, 1965	Record of Conversation between Premier Zhou Enlai and the President of Pakistan Ayub Khan Zhou, Ayub Khan, and Zulfikar Bhutto discuss the Vietnam War, China's relations with the US and the Soviet Union, the Second Asian-African Conference, and the Non-Aligned Movement.
December 19, 1963	Record of the Third Conversation between Premier Zhou Enlai and President Nasser Zhou Enlai describes the state of Sino-American relations and Sino-Indian relations. Zhou and Nasser also discuss the Egyptian economy and Sino-Egyptian relations.
December 18, 1970	Record of Conversation from [Chairman Mao Zedong’s] Meeting with [Edgar] Snow Mao Zedong talks to American journalist, Edgar Snow, about the Cultural Revolution and his thoughts about the Nixon administration. Mao expressed discontent towards China's pace of development compared to the United States. Mao emphasized the secretive nature on part of Nixon in setting up talks between the US and China. Mao and Edgar also discussed the US's intentions in the Asia-Pacific region. Mao consistently claims that he likes Nixon because Nixon's "reactionary" approach to foreign policy is an advantage to China. Mao admits to Edward Snow that the personality cult around Mao Zedong during that Cultural Revolution was necessary to oppose Liu Shaoqi. Mai discusses his increasingly suspicious view towards the Soviet Union.
April 20, 1961	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union, 'Recommendations based on Developments in the Current Situation'
January 28, 1955	Mao Zedong, 'The Chinese People Cannot Be Cowed by the Atom Bomb' Mao Zedong spoke to the Finnish Ambassador Carl-Johan Sundstrom on the history of Chinese wars with European powers and states that China and Finland have had friendly relations. He then addressed the possibility of the U.S. waging an atomic war over Taiwan and how Chinese would respond. Finally, Mao foreshadowed the downfall of U.S. and British ruling classes to the end of tsarist Russia and Chiang Kai-shek should the United States enter another world war.
January 20, 1951	Report from P. F. Yudin to I. V. Stalin on Meetings with the Leaders of the Communist Party of China, including Mao Zedong on 31 December 1950 Yudin recounts his meetings with Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai. In three meetings, Yudin learned more about China's relations with other communist parties in Asia, economic conditions in China, and developments in the Korean War.
March 21, 1955	Letter from Humphrey Trevelyan to Zhou Enlai