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Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

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Western Europe

France

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

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Western Europe

Italy

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Sino-French Normalization, 1964

Sino-Soviet Relations

Dag Hammarskjöld and Zhou Enlai

China at the United Nations

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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Moro, Aldo

1916- 1978

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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Pauls, Rolf Friedemann

1915-

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

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October 6, 1969	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Note of Asia-Oceania Department, 'Sino-French Relations' Following the peak of the Cultural Revolution, the French Foreign Ministry concludes that Sino-French relations "have shown signs of détente, which, in the current context, represents important progress."
June 12, 1969	Note Number 760 from Geoffroy Chodron de Courcel to Michel Debré, 'Chinese Foreign Policy' The French Ambassador in Great Britain reports new details on border clashes between China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang-Kazakhstan, Chinese diplomacy in the Third World and with the West, and the state of Sino-British relations.
April 25, 1969	Telegram Number 1797/1800, 'Chinese Foreign Policy' The French Ambassador to London reports that China is eager to open up diplomatic relations with Italy and Canada and to enter into negotiations with the United States.
January 30, 1969	Note Gérard de la Villesbrunne to the Foreign Minister, 'New Interest of Western Diplomacy towards China: Hopes and Illusions' The French Consul General in Hong Kong notes a spike in China's diplomatic activities with Western Europe, Japan, and the U.S., but concludes that China, "still concerned by internal questions, does not seem to be willing to respond to the openings of non-communist countries with as much enthusiasm as hoped for in the West."
November 20, 1968	Telegram Number 2206/09, 'NATO Ministerial Council' French diplomat Lucien Paye assesses Chinese foreign policy in the aftermath of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and speculates that China wishes to exploit differences within the NATO camp.
February 25, 1955	Abstract of Conversation: Chinese Premier Zhou receives Trevelyan Zhou Enlai and Trevelyan debated on the nature of the Manila Treaty and its implications for the Geneva Agreement.They also discussed the issue of the Dai Autonomous Region between China and Thailand and the legal status of Taiwan.
December 18, 1973	Memorandum of Conversation Between the Head of the Far Eastern Department in the East German Foreign Ministry Liebermann and Chinese Ambassador Peng Guangwei on China's Intention to Establish Diplomatic Presence in West Berlin This memorandum of conversation between the Head of the Far East Department in the East German Foreign Ministry Liebermann and Chinese Ambassador Peng Guangwei refers to China's intention to establish diplomatic relations with West Berlin. The East German side stresses the fact that countries such as Hungary and Bulgaria also established diplomatic relations with West Berlin taking into considerations the conditions posed by the international law and that China should do the same.
December 3, 1973	Memorandum about a Discussion between Comrade Rodin, 1st Secretary of the Soviet Embassy, with the Head of the West Berlin Press Office, Dr. Struve This is a memorandum of a conversation between the first secretary of the Soviet embassy in East Berlin, Rodin, and the director of the West Berlin Press Office, Günter Struve, with regard to China's intention to establish a trade representation in West Berlin. Apart from stressing that by initiating diplomatic relations with West Berlin, China is not implicitly acknowledging the existing international agreements, Rodin makes clear that East Germany will not rescind the rules on obligatory currency exchange for citizens of Western states.
August 2, 1973	Memorandum regarding a Discussion by Comrade Karl, Head of the China Section, with First Secretary of the Embassy of the PRC Qi Huaiyuan On October 2, 1973 This is a memorandum on a conversation reflecting the differences of opinion between the head of the China Desk in the East German Foreign Ministry and the First Secretary of the Chinese Embassy Qi Huaiyuan with regard to the intended establishment of a Chinese trade representation in West Berlin. East Berlin is clearly concerned such a step might favor West Germany's alleged goal of winning sovereignty over West Berlin, in violation of the Four Power Agreement. Qi states that he does not understand the East German position, and that the activities of Chinese diplomats in West Berlin are in accordance with international law. He rejects the notion that these relations might conceivably harm the interests of East Germany.
July 18, 1973	Letter, Oskar Fischer to Cde. Hermann Axen, 'Text of a Statement to be Presented Verbally to the Council of the Embassy of the PR China to the GDR' Documents related to East Germany's protest against the intended establishment of a Chinese trade representation in West Berlin. The East German Ministry of Foreign Affairs stresses that West Berlin cannot be regarded as part of West Germany. Therefore, by initiating diplomatic relations with West Berlin without considering the existence of the internationally acknowledged Four Power Agreement on Berlin between the US, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, China is deliberately acting against the interests of East Germany.