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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich Soviet Union Clear All

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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South Asia

Afghanistan

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

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Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosievich

1928- 2014

Soviet Foreign Policy

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Chernyaev, A. S.

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Sino-Soviet Rapprochement, 1985-1989

Sino-Soviet Relations

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

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February 27, 1987	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Giulio Andreotti (Excerpt) Gorbachev and Andreotti discuss issues in the Middle East, including Soviet plans in Afghanistan and a possible international conference on the Middle East.
February 26, 1987	Notes from Politburo Meeting, 26 February 1987 (Excerpt) Gorbachev and his advisors discuss whether to withdraw troops from Afghanistan.
January 22, 1987	Notes from Politburo Meeting, 21-22 January 1987 (Excerpt) Gorbachev and his advisors discuss new Afghan president Mohammad Najibullah and the possible drawdown of Soviet troops.
December 2, 1989	Notes by A. S. Chernyaev, Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush at Malta Summit George H.W. Bush and Gorbachev meet off the coast of Malta in a meeting that came to symbolize the end of the Cold War. While no agreements were concluded, the leaders decided to press ahead in the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START), as well as in efforts to reduce arsenals of chemical weapons and conventional forces in Europe. Bush also made a number of proposals to advance bilateral relations, including steps to normalize trade relations through the granting of most-favored nation status, efforts to bar Congressional restrictions on credits, and US support for Soviet observer status at the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
October 11, 1989	Excerpt from the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev Chernyaev records Gorbachev's frustrations with Honecker following meeting with him in Berlin.
May 16, 1989	Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping (Excerpts) Gorbachev and Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping discuss Sino-Soviet relations as well as relations with the United States.
February 26, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation: President Bush's Meeting with Chairman Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China, February 26, 1989, 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon Conversation between Deng Xiaoping and President George Bush on Sino-US relations. Deng expressed the hope that the bilateral relationship would develop in a "new pattern" based on mutual trust, mutual support, and minimizing as much as possible mutual problems. They also discussed the continued tensions between China and the Soviet Union,
December 4, 1989	Minutes of Conversation between Gorbachev and Romanian Leader Ceausescu Minutes of Conversation between Soviet leader Michael Gorbachev and Romanian leader Nicolae Ceausescu on the status of the East European regimes and Soviet-Romanian bilateral relations. The two leaders discuss the history of Communism, the events taking place in other East European countries, the future of Romania and the Soviet Union and the nature and state of bilateral relations between the two countries.
September 22, 1989	Presidential National Security Directive 23, "Untied States Relations with the Soviet Union" Presidential directive from George Bush regarding the changing nature of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States and the end of US containment policy.
July 25, 1989	Report of the President of Hungary Rezso Nyers and General Secretary Karoly Grosz on Talks with Gorbachev in Moscow (excerpts) President of People’s Republic of Hungary, Rezso Nyers, and General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, Karoly Grosz, report on their talks with Gorbachev in Moscow, 24-25 July, 1989. The excerpts contains economic reformer Nyers’ assessment of the political situation in Hungary, and first among the factors that "can defeat the party," he lists "the past, if we let ourselves [be] smeared with it." The memory of the revolution of 1956 and its bloody repression by the Soviets was Banquo’s ghost, destroying the legitimacy of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, just as 1968 in Prague and 1981’s martial law in Poland and all the other Communist "blank spots" of history came back in 1989 to crumble Communist ideology. For their part, the Communist reformers (including Gorbachev) did not quite know how to respond as events accelerated in 1989, except not to repeat 1956.