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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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South Asia

Pakistan

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Ustinov, Dimitri F.

-

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Amīn, Ḥafīẓ Allāh

1929- 1979

Sino-Soviet Relations

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Soviet Foreign Policy

Pakistani Nuclear History

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Documents

February 5, 1980	Andropov Report to CPSU CC on Talks with Afghan Leaders Andropov Report to CPSU CC on Talks with Afghan Leaders including issues of Party unity in Afghanistan
February 7, 1980	CC CPSU Politburo transcript (excerpt), On Andropov's Conversations with Afghan leaders CC CPSU Politburo transcript discussing the improvements in the situation in Afghanistan and potential withdrawal of troops
February 7, 1980	Extract from CPSU CC Politburo Protocol #182, On Andropov's discussions with the leaders of Afghanistan CPSU CC Politburo Decisions on Afghanistan regarding the improvement of infrastructure including construction of the Amu Darya bridge and planning a railroad connection in Afghanistan
March 10, 1980	Politburo Decision on Soviet Policy on Afghanistan, with report on Proposal by Fidel Castro to Mediate between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and approved letter from L.I. Brezhnev to Fidel Castro CPSU CC Politburo Decision on Soviet Policy on Afghanistan, with report on Proposal by Fidel Castro to Mediate between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and approved letter from L.I. Brezhnev to Fidel Castro
April 10, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Decision on Afghanistan, with report by Gromyko, Andropov, Ustinov, and Zagladin, 7 April 1980 CPSU CC Politburo Decision on Afghanistan, with report by Gromyko-Andropov-Ustinov-Zagladin, 7 April 1980 regarding the role of Soviet troops in Afghanistan under Karmal’s government and that continuing tension with the US
May 8, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Decision, 8 May 1980, with Politburo Commission Report, 6 May 1980, and Approved Cable to Soviet Ambassador in Kabul CPSU CC Politburo Decision, 8 May 1980, with Politburo Commission Report, 6 May 1980, and Approved Cable to Soviet Ambassador in Kabul instruction him what to tell Karmal regarding the situation in Afghanistan
June 18, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo decisions CPSU CC Politburo decisions on providing military assistance to Afghanistan and on possibly withdrawing some troops
June 21, 1980	Information from the CC CPSU to Erich Honecker Information from the CC CPSU to Erich Honecker on the withdrawal of some Soviet troops from Afghanistan
June 23, 1980	Minutes of the Meeting of the CPSU CC Plenum on the situation in Afghanistan, 23 June 1980 CPSU CC Plenum meeting (excerpt) concerning the deterioration in relations with the US and NATO countries. Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko describes the altruistic nature of Soviet intentions in aiding Afghanistan.
July 18, 1980	Information from the CC CPSU to Erich Honecker Information from the CC CPSU to Erich Honecker regarding Pakistan’s wishes for holding talks between Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan and Pakistan’s wish to see Karmal removed as head of government