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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

Italy

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

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Rubbi, Antonio

1932-

Hu Yaobang, 1986

Hu, Yaobang

1915- 1989

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Berlinguer, Enrico

1922- 1984

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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Pajetta, Giuliano

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Western Europe

France

Reform and Opening in China, 1978-

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Moro, Aldo

1916- 1978

Dag Hammarskjöld and Zhou Enlai

China at the United Nations

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Italy. Communist Party (CPI)

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Documents

August 5, 1979	Antonio Rubbi and Angelo Cliva, 'Note on the Visit to China and on the Confidential Meetings between the Delegations of the PCI and the CCP (24-31 July 1979)' In this note dated August 5, 1979, Antonio Rubbi and Angelo Oliva provide a report on the visit to China and on the closed-door meetings between the PCI and CCP delegations from July 24 to 31, 1979. Attached to the note are a number of annexes with the statements made at the meetings.
June 13, 1979	Antonio Rubbi, 'Note Reserved for Comrade Berlinguer' In this note dated June 13, 1979, to Enrico Berlinguer, Antonio Rubbi reports on his meeting with the new chargé d’affaires at the Chinese embassy. The chargé stated that the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the CCP was proposing to hold a second confidential meeting with a PCI delegation in Beijing. The chargé also extended an invitation to two journalists of the Italian newspapers L’Unità and Rinascita to visit China for 2-3 weeks.
December 20, 1979	Antonio Rubbi, 'Note Reserved for Comrade Berlinguer' This note from Antonio Rubbi to Enrico Berlinquer is dated December 20, 1979, and regards the invitation of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to the Italian Communist Party for the PCI Secretary General to visit China.
December 27, 1961	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in North Korea, 'Premier Kim’s Son on Soviet-Albanian Relations' The Chinese Embassy in Pyongyang conveys comments that Kim Jong Il made to a Chinese student in the DPRK.
July 15, 1965	Research Memorandum REU-25 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'Attitudes of Selected Countries on Accession to a Soviet Co-sponsored Draft Agreement on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons' With a nuclear nonproliferation treaty under consideration in Washington, INR considered which countries were likely to sign on and why or why not. INR analysts, mistakenly as it turned out, believed it unlikely that the Soviet Union would be a co-sponsor of a treaty in part because of the “international climate” and also because Moscow and Washington differed on whether a treaty would recognize a “group capability.”
May 21, 1973	Sixth Interkit Meeting, Record of Meeting with Boris Ponomarev and Konstantin Katushev This record of a meeting with the secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), Boris Ponomarev, and with the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Konstantin Katushev, addresses the anti-Soviet course adopted by Beijing. The discussion specifically refers to relations between China and the Communist parties of Albania, Romania, Australia, France, Italy, and New Zealand. The document also assesses the situation in Anwar el-Sadat's Egypt, in Hafez al-Assad's Syria, in Iraq, and in Yemen, the main idea being that the Socialist countries should support the development of progressive Arabic states.
July 3, 1972	East German Report on the Fifth Interkit Meeting in Prague, July 1972 This East German report, issued after the Interkit meeting in Prague, addresses the domestic and foreign policies of China. It makes reference to internal conflicts destabilizing the Chinese leadership. China is said to be enhancing its military potential, especially in the area of missiles and nuclear weapons. Its aims in foreign policy are to acquire a leadership position in the so-called "Third World", to expand its relations with capitalist countries, to damage the unity of the Socialist bloc, and to obstruct the foreign relations of the Soviet Union. Considering the increase of influence of China on North Korea, Romania, and Vietnam, as well as on the Communist parties in Spain and Italy, the Socialist countries must improve their anti-Maoist propaganda efforts.
May 12, 1957	Brief Summary of Conversation between Comrade Mao Zedong and the Delegation of the People’s Assembly of the People’s Republic of Albania Comrade Mao mentioned that the communism belief closely united western and eastern countries in the socialist camp, and the Asian, African and Arab states are our allies in the war against imperialism. Comrade Rita answered Mao's questions about Albania's domestic situation, such as religion and domestic consumptions. Mao also depicted Chinese ancient tale the Monkey King to Rita, explaining the revolution situation in China.
January 20, 1966	National Intelligence Estimate, NIE 4-66, 'The Likelihood of Further Nuclear Proliferation' This estimate updated an estimate (NIE-4-2-64) published in 1964 of the nuclear proliferation problem. That estimate, like this one, overestimated the likelihood of an Indian bomb, while somewhat underestimating Israel’s program. This assessment followed the same pattern—predicting India would produce a weapon within a “few years” and also putting Israel in the “might” category, although treating it as a “serious contender” nonetheless. Also following a short discussion of the “snowball effect” (later known as “proliferation cascades” or “chains”) suggesting that the United Arab Republic (Egypt-Syria) and Pakistan were likely to take the nuclear option should India or Israel go nuclear.
February 7, 1969	Handwritten Note from the Minister of Foreign Affairs In response to a note from the Chinese Embassy in Paris, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Pietro Nenni acknowledges that there is only China.