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Eastern Europe

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

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Nagy, Imre

1896- 1958

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

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China. Embassy (Hungary)

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Sino-Soviet Relations

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Malenkov, Georgii Maksimilianovich

1901- 1988

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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February 17, 1948	Record of Conversation between I.V. Stalin and President of Hungary Zoltán Tildy in Moscow Stalin and Hungarian President Zoltán Tildy discuss the draft of the treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance between Hungary and the Soviet Union. They also discuss Hungarian relations with its neighbors, Romania and Czechoslovakia, and the internal situation in Hungary.
April 10, 1946	Record of Conversation between I. V. Stalin and the Hungarian Governmental Delegation Stalin and the Hungarian delegation discuss economic issues, and the situation of Hungarians in Slovakia.
January 9, 1945	From the Diary of V. A. Zorin: Record of Conversation with Z. Firlinger on the Question of Preparing for the Armistice Negotiations with Hungary Soviet Ambassador Zorin and Czech official Firlinger go over the details of the draft armistice agreement with Hungary.
November 6, 1971	Polish Embassy in Bucharest, 'Memorandum Regarding Romania's Relations with the European Socialist Countries After Ceaușescu's Visit to Beijing' The Polish Ambassador reports that Ceausescu's visit to China had chilled relations with the countries of the Warsaw Pact. The report then discusses Romanians relations with the Soviet Union and Hungary in more depth.
January 28, 1963	Hungarian Embassy in Havana (Beck), Report on Soviet Deputy Foreign Ministry Vasily Kuznetsov Hungarian Ambassador to Cuba János Beck recounts an evening at the Soviet ambassador’s home with other socialist ambassadors to Cuba. Soviet functionary Kuznetsov reported on deliberations between the Soviet Union and United States on the Cuban Missile Crisis and nuclear issues. Beck also describes events that Kuznetsov attended while visiting Cuba, not all welcoming. Kuznetsov met with Castro while in Cuba and addressed the crisis among other problems.
December 17, 1956	Diary of Soviet Official K. A. Krutikov, Record of Conversation with Hungarian Envoy Ezhef Sall Conversation about the mood among the foreign Hungarian colony in PRC. The most of the conversation concerns the reasons for the 1956 uprising in Hungary. A lack of knowledge among the Hungarian leadership (with a predominant Soviet background) about the actual situation in Hungary, and the failure of the Soviet Embassy in Budapest to establish contacts with non-Russian speaking Hungarians, are here presented as main reasons for the Hungarian uprising.
August 24, 1971	Telegram, Embassy of Hungary in the Soviet Union to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry A telegram from the Embassy of Hungary in the Soviet Union discussing how to handle relations with both the North and South Korean governments without offending the North Koreans.
November 3, 1970	Telegram Number 4549/52, 'Sino-Hungarian Relations and the Indochina Problem' Etienne Manac’h, reporting on a thaw in relations between China and Hungary, suggests that the PRC seeks "a greater zone of autonomy vis-à-vis the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe."
July 25, 1989	Report of the President of Hungary Rezso Nyers and General Secretary Karoly Grosz on Talks with Gorbachev in Moscow (excerpts) President of People’s Republic of Hungary, Rezso Nyers, and General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, Karoly Grosz, report on their talks with Gorbachev in Moscow, 24-25 July, 1989. The excerpts contains economic reformer Nyers’ assessment of the political situation in Hungary, and first among the factors that "can defeat the party," he lists "the past, if we let ourselves [be] smeared with it." The memory of the revolution of 1956 and its bloody repression by the Soviets was Banquo’s ghost, destroying the legitimacy of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, just as 1968 in Prague and 1981’s martial law in Poland and all the other Communist "blank spots" of history came back in 1989 to crumble Communist ideology. For their part, the Communist reformers (including Gorbachev) did not quite know how to respond as events accelerated in 1989, except not to repeat 1956.
March 29, 1960	Journal of Soviet Ambassador in the DPRK A.M. Puzanov for 29 March 1960 In the midst of discussions between Puzanov and Karoly Prat and Pak Jeong-ae on North Korea's foreign trade, it is revealed that Kim Il Sung is suffering from kidney disease.